Universal rules of marketing Essay Example for Free

Universal rules of marketing Essay Describe any universal rules of marketing that might be applied to most products, markets, customers and situations.  All marketing activities have one thing in common and that is to give customers a reason to buy the companys product. One of the most important universal rules of marketing is that marketers need to find a way to break out of commodity status to meet customers needs better than competing firms. All organizations both for profit and non-profit require effective planning and a sound marketing strategy to do this effectively. The Internet has shifted the power to customers not marketers. The reason for that is, the customer has access to more information and is now able to do comparison shopping. Marketers often conduct and analyze research to see the needs, opinions, and attitudes of the customers. Marketing strategy helps companies to evaluate the usage of their strengths and capabilities to meet the needs and requirements of the market. Due to the customers constant new needs and wants, marketing is forced to continuously change and adapt to its dynamic environment. Having the right information is just as important as having the right product. Marketers have learned that by establishing a long-term customer relationship, they can increase customer sales and gain important marketing information about their customers. Having a good relationship with customers is a great benefit to have, then marketing is people driven and it is all fulfilling the needs of customers, shareholders, partners, society and the organization itself.

The Piano History Essay Example for Free

The Piano History Essay In the 1700’s the piano was invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence, Italy first introduced to the world as the pianoforte meaning â€Å"Soft loud†. â€Å"In the last quarter of the 18th century the piano had become the leading instrument of the western art of music that still lives on till today as an exotic instrument played by talented people in the world.† (Wendy Powers, 2003) Music has lived on from the beginning of time by all cultures and races for decades. Music is known to make the heart, soul, and brain one. Without this invention Beethoven would have not made the music that lives on till today and many other talented famous throughout the world. The piano reaches out to the most inner deepest soul all the way to keys that charge up chakras for well-being. A piano has 8 white keys c,d,e,f,g,a,b,c and 5 black known as the Chromatic scale which is 13 including next count which correlates with the 8, 11, 13 chakras. Bartolomeo Cristofori was born on May 4 on 1655 and passed away in 1731. Bartolomeo Cristofori’s occupation was a harpsichord maker and a designer. By 1688, Prince Ferdinando de Medici of Florence, son of the Grand Duke of Tuscany got Bartolomeo Cristofori because of his talent and reputation. The princes owned forty harpsichords and spinets, and hired Cristofori at the age of 33 to both curate the collection, and build new ones. Cristofori became the custodian of the instruments in the court in starting from 1690. Around 1700, he began to work on an instrument on which the player could achieve changes in loudness just by changing the force with which the keys were struck. Instead of the quill jacks used to pluck the string on the harpsichord, Cristofori’s innovation was to devise a way in which the strings were struck from below by individual hammers covered in deer leather. He had created the first two harpsichords with the first real escapement mechanism. When Italian Renaissance spread throughout Europe, the upsurge of innovation in art, culture and science was developing todays known as culturally rich. The 17th and the 18th centuries, decades from when the piano was invented the history of Italy is considered part of the early modern period. However this period, at least the first half, is often closely associated with the dominant artistic and architectural movement known as Baroque. The era of Italian Baroque was the birth of opera as a major form of entertainment. Unlike the plays popular up to this time, opera combined music and theatre into a spectacle that was designed to be a feast for the senses (Chakras). The origins of opera are credited to a Late Renaissance group of poets, musicians and humanist known as the Florentine Camerata, thanks to Bartolomeo Cristofori invention. This time also was marked the beginning of long foreign domination of Italy in the aftermath of the Italian Wars of the 16th century. After these wars were over, the Italian landscape was peaceful for a long time, expression with art talks during these time periods. The Renaissance in Italy was over by 1600 but Italy still made up a large portion of the European economy. However, the economic power of the country as a whole declined and none of the various Italian states did anything concrete to take advantage of the Industrial Revolution but they did however make other history in humanities. From the 14th century until the late 17th century, Italy grieved a very high death rate from many outbreaks of the plague. They are known as the Black Death and associated with medieval times; this plague did not come even come to a near end in the 13th century. The largest death toll had been in the early 1600s when an estimated 1,730,000 people died due to plague in Italy. Perhaps the pianos were some kind of good thing in the survivor’s lives’ to expression and create music. This was almost 14% of the population of the country at that time and also the time the piano had come around. There was an Economic decline; the powerful Habsburgs of Spain had dominated most of Italy in one form or another starting 1559 to 1713, and music and art continued to speak freely. In developing the piano Bartolomeo Cristofori had been working on getting a feel for the harpsichord to respond to touch. He developed a mechanical action that made it possible to sound simultaneously as many notes as one had fingers and do to this to be able to produce any work in the entire literature of Western music with variations of loud and soft according to the players touch at the keyboard. It included a complex mechanical action with a hammer that rose towards a string four times as fast as the finger, an escapement to allow the hammer to rebound from the freely vibrating string, a check for the hammer to prevent bouncing, and a shift so the hammer would play only one of the two strings to reduce volume. Cristofori’s hammer mechanism was so well designed, that no other of comparable sensitivity and reliability was developed as known for another seventy-five years. The highly compound accomplishment of the modern piano may be sketched directly to his original concepti on. Todays the piano sustains pitches in a lyrical fashion, creating all musical styles and moods and is universal all because of Bartolomeo Cristofori’s invention of the great musical instrument. This popular instrument has changed over the years (except for its hammers), and how its flexibility and expressiveness have inspired composers such as Beethoven, Schumann, Liszt, and Bartà ³k. It’s been pasted down for decades and artist today become best friends with the piano as they have the talent to sing and play with the piano. People have talents and a musical part in their life because of the invention that was lead down for decades starting from Beethoven. Pianos have improved from the 1700s of course from sound, shape and functionality since Bartolomeo Cristofori’s invention but he was the Italian that brought a different sound of music into our world. We went from having 88 keys on the piano 36 black and 52 white to high performance grand pianos with 92 keys as of today. From 1790 to the mid-1800s, piano technology and sound was greatly improved due to the inventions of the Industrial Revolution, such as the new high quality steel called piano wire, and the ability to precisely cast iron frames. The tonal range of the piano increased from the five octaves of the pianoforte to the seven and more octaves found on modern pianos. Around 1780, the upright piano was created by Johann Schmidt of Salzburg, Austria and later improved in 1802 by Thomas Loud of London whose upright piano had strings that ran diagonally. In 1881, an early patent for a piano player was issued to John McTammany of Cambridge, Mass. John McTammany described h is invention as a mechanical musical instrument. It worked using narrow sheets of perforated flexible paper which triggered the notes. A later automatic piano player was the Angelus patented by Edward H. Leveaux of England on 27 February 1879, and described as an apparatus for storing and transmitting motive power. John McTammanys invention was actually the earlier one invented (1876), however, the patents dates are in the opposite order due to filing procedures. On March 28, 1889, William Fleming received a patent for a player piano using electricity. Although before all these important beings and Bartolomeo Cristofori a man named Johannes Spinctus made the Spinet when later followed Bartolomeo Cristofori and his invention of the Spinettone which means â€Å"Big Spinet†. Not all of the piano elements where invented by Bartolomeo, but he did built the first piano and made great improvements in his time. Musicians that we still listen to their creations to including Bach and Beethoven first played on Bartolomeo Cristoforiâ₠¬â„¢s Harpsichord and liked to do so because of the higher pitch! Bartolomeo Cristofori put the pieces of the puzzle together for the invention of the piano. â€Å"The modern piano keyboard was first established during the 13th century of Medieval Europe with black and white wooden keys as it was later invented by Cristofori.† N/A (Unknown) Title Of Source: Piano History: The Complete Story. For decades the piano has become part of a business and career, and great talent of musical art. My boyfriend is a producer and he plays the piano and it is also a proven fact that music is the best medicine, specially hearing a piano play, and it was all because of the invention of the original piano back in time that lead to improved ones as of today. People evolved and became smarter and had the sources to build improved pianos. The piano is something that can be passed down for decades to come, just as Bartolomeo’s pieces have and changed the universe. Looking deeper into the Piano, it was created as corresponding to the flower of life. The flower of life is the original perfect geometric cemetry that created the universe. It is not only the root of mathematical proportions but also the source of shape, light of photonic solids and the source to every musical system in the world both known and unknown to humans, yes the dearest piano too. Isn’t it just phenomenal to know that music notes are separated by 90 degrees so are our chakras. So we can thank the flower of life that gave us the piano. The piano is a beautiful instrument that makes harmonic music and good for the soul. Now, what I came to conclusion is the piano might has not been able to change the world because wars, starvation and injustice continued. In the world of musicians and music lovers the piano was an improvement over the harpsichord which was only able to play loud of soft when levers where pushed. Many people try to push their dreams, because of their piano perfection and that opens doors to the talented! It’s nice to have a piano around; it’s a different feel every time, a great field of sound. Today 3 creations of Bartolomeo Cristofori from the years 1720, 1722, and 1726 remain in Museum’s around the world, but are too old and not playable. References Arkenberg, Rebecca. (October, 2002) Title of Source: Music in the Renaissance† Retrieved From: 2000http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/renm/hd_renm.htm Bellis, Mary. (Unknown) Title of Source: The History of the Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori Retrieved From: http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/piano.htm Cipolla, Carlo M. (1981) Title of Source: Fighting the Plague in Seventeenth Century Italy. Retrieved From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_plague_of_1629%E2%80%931631 Duchnycz, Jordan. (May, 2012) Title Of Source: Spirit Of Science 1-15 full movie series Retrieved From: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaDOkMEK4ukfeature=related Powers, Wendy. (October, 2003) Title Of Source: The Piano: The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655–1731) Retrieved From: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cris/hd_cris.htm N/A. (Unknown). Title of Source: Who Invented the Piano? Retrieved From: http://www.piano-play-it.com/who-invented-the-piano.html N/A (Unknown) Title Of Source: Piano History: The Complete Story Retrieved From: http://www.get-piano-lessons.com/piano-history.html

The Concept Of Food And Beverage Service Quality Marketing Essay

The Concept Of Food And Beverage Service Quality Marketing Essay Food and beverage service is a complex and painstaking work, the waiter serving the people rather than materials. Food and beverage products are only intermediary contact restaurants and customer. The ultimately the work of food and beverage service is servicing to the people; only good service can attract and retain live customers. In service improvement on quality and management, many food and beverage companies often do not understand the real needs of customer service in the business of just blindly improve facilities and equipment, the result is a forest for the trees, duplication of efforts. Therefore, to improve the food quality of service enterprises, they must first clarify the meaning of quality of service, find out the real needs of customers, and then puts forward countermeasures. From the needs of the customers point of view, put forward to improve the quality of service means catering enterprises. In this essay, first, it analyzes the concept about the quality of food a nd beverage service; following, it discusses the countermeasure about food and beverage service improvement. The concept of food and beverage service quality Quality of food and beverage service refers to services to meet the needs of the characteristics of customer service combined. Broadly speaking, the quality of food and beverage service includes three elements, namely, facilities and equipment, in-kind services, the quality of products and services; from the narrow sense in terms of quality of service is the catering services, mainly refers to work by the restaurant waiter service provided, not including food formed part of the value form (Ender, 2000). In this essay, mainly the quality of service is the meaning of a narrow sense. To improve the quality of service catering business, they must first understand the food and beverage service needs of customers for services. From a practical point of view, food and beverage service, customer demand for catering enterprises mainly in the following areas: 1. Timely and fast service efficiency. With the accelerated pace of modern life, customers become increasingly demanding for the time, the current customer complaints or dissatisfaction for the response time. So, if they want to make customer satisfaction, it is important that services must be promptly, if the customer wait too long, even if the dishes, even the best quality drinks, also cause customer dissatisfaction (Rose, 2000). 2, Courtesy and respect in service attitude. Polite behavior and language expressed respect for others, reflects a good training staff, it is to make customers happy and satisfied with one of the basic elements. 3, Warm and sincere in service passion. In the whole service process Customer always hope staff maintain full of energy, dedicated working state, to provide themselves with positive, active, smiling, warm services. This service is sincere, heartfelt, self-conscious, rather than passive, negative, and stylized. 4. Cordial and friendly service details. When the customer receive services that customers want service person to be humane, to good, friendly, and may not reveal tired, cold, anger, stiffness, tension and fear of expression, to use words and deeds of goodwill and friendly feeling to eliminate the distance between the guests (Bolman Deal, 2003). 5. Understanding and comforting service skills. Each customer is from different countries and regions, different beliefs, different values, so the course will appear in the service many unexpected problems. At this point, the customer service staff will need to make flexible use of service skills, to understand the customers, understanding and goodwill of humility, to avoid the embarrassing situation to happen. The improvement countermeasure of food and beverage service 1. Strengthen management and ensure quality About this aim in food and beverage service, there are two aspects (Wright, 2000): First, pay attention to staff training. Food and beverage service can provide first-class services, there is a great relationship with catering service quality and service skill, so enhanced staff training and improved the quality of their services and skills, corrected their attitude are important, even more important is that Staff in-depth understanding of business value to customers meaning. Value to customers depends on many factors, include product factor, service factor, and people factor, visualize factor and so on. 2. Speed up service, flexible operation In the food and beverage service, to meet passengerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s psychological needs of speed, the restaurant can prepare in advance a number of fast food, simple procedures, and speed up the service speed. In additional, food and beverage service should be flexible in operation, delegate some right of disposal on customer-service problems. For example, assuming that customers complained to the waiter said no fresh vegetables require replacing. Just imagine that the waiter ask the captain or manager to identify and deal with, or immediately closed their agreed returned, apologized to the guests. Obviously, the latter is better in meet customer needs more psychological, because customers want one-stop services (Romano, 2000). So, let customers be satisfied with the service as soon as possible, to dispose of the appropriate delegation of power becomes very necessary. It is worth to mention that, compared to other restaurants in the community, tourist hotels in the restaurant business is more a lack of flexibility. General Hotel divided up into many departments, food and beverage department is just one of the department and other departments in terms of the level is flat. Food and beverage department must coordinate the relationship between other departments, operating on a restricted, if not enough manpower to solve the personnel department, the expenditure to the Finance Department for approval, price concessions, discounts, free bill, etc have certain procedures and level of restrictions, so it is very passive in the operation. In this way, it is especially important that disposal right to solve the customer service problems on the proper. 3. Pay attention to culturally Atmosphere Food and beverage service should not only give customers food with color, smell, taste, shape and devices, in addition, food and beverage service staff should pay attention to the beauty of the soul, once people entered the restaurant can feel a kind of breath or taste. To create a flavor and taste of this central aspect is the atmosphere to create and strengthen a culture. First of all this culture came from the vision to create, in addition, it can come from hearing (Adebanjo, 2003). A region in France, a survey showed, 60% of the customers that go to the restaurant itself, the aim is to find joy. Thus, Food and beverage service not simply material goods but also has rich cultural products enjoy a high level. Only food and beverage service carry towards the cultural connotation and reflects, it can better meet the aesthetic needs of customers. 4. Innovation and brand Food and beverage service should pay attention to the innovation, one aspect of the development is about specialty products, varieties in the dishes always turn it new, new materials, new tastes; on the another hand, services should have features. Food and beverage service, half food and beverage, half service. Distinctive services will have a multiplier effect. Meanwhile, people must pay attention to brand building. Brand is to identify businesses and products, and different from other competitors with a significant feature of the mark. It is also to strengthen a powerful means of product differentiation, companys selling points and competitiveness. Conclusion In summary, under normal circumstances, the hotels service standards, service procedures and service standards are certain, but the needs of different customers are varied, so it is felled with more variables. In the course of food and beverage service, service staff wants to make all guests feel satisfied, it must meet different customers for different services. In order to achieve this goal, restaurants should provide personalized service, a service according to the needs of different customers with different content services. The most important characteristics of food and beverage is human services, and quality of service depends largely on the level of customer satisfaction, it is necessary to fully reflect the people first concept to cater to guests seeking food consumption in respect strong psychological needs. Thus the process of service should be politeness rituals, smiling service, respect for customs and habits of customers, no matter who can get the same warm and thoughtfu l. Attention to customer identity, arrange a suitable location, such as business negotiations, lovers dating involve privacy, should select the appropriate hidden location. In short, customers need to be absolutely respected.

How to Taste French Wine :: Personal Narrative France Papers

How to Taste French Wine The Vin Jaune, or "yellow wine", of eastern France's Jura region is not just yellow but the brightest yellow, like pure honey. The strange 62-oz. bottles in which they are sold are half-covered with dirt when photographed for supermarket glossies to show that their nectar, properly served chilled, is of the earth, of good, French earth. Plucked en masse from the sleepy fields of Chateau-Chalon, Arbois, or another smallish vineyard village of the like, Savagnin grapes are harvested late, almost in November, then squeezed, fermented, and sealed and aged in oak caskets for a period of exactly six years and three months. In these caskets, in dark and humid cellars, a layer of yeast forms upon the liquid's surface, protecting the young wine from the spoiling effects of oxygen and thus allowing for its unique yellowness to blossom from within. On the first morning after the last day of the third month of the seventh year, la Percà ©e, or "the piercing", of the caskets begins. Locals flo ck to a tiny, unknown village for the annual mass, ceremony, and piercing itself. There, 25 wine "houses" are set up, each offering only the most refined and choice flavors from the year's harvest. It was amongst these houses, each within a barn, or tent, or some other makeshift location, that I was introduced to proper wine etiquette, and how, in turn, to appreciate wine itself. It was also here where I learned how to go to a wine tasting with friends who buy bottles for in-between-tasting "tastings" and who drink on buses and trains. In other words, this is where I learned how not to go to a wine-tasting. The unknown village that would host the festivities this year was Cramans, indicated my yellow train ticket, printed especially for the event. It would be a formal affair, I decided, and I would wear a tie of red. Arriving at the town's train station around noon with my German friend Thomas, we stepped out into the soggiest, most bitterly cold February Sunday and continued down to a path of hay laid out like a red carpet that continued, little did we know, for about a half-hour until we reached the village "proper" (one main street, lined with ancient brick houses and barns, constitutes the "downtown"). We complained shamelessly and annoyingly about the weather amongst the large group with whom we were making our pilgrimage, but neither of us would have really turned back, not with the irreplaceable lesson in being cultured that lie ahead.

The Simularitesof Two Worlds :: essays research papers

Stewart 1 The Similarities of Two Worlds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do we have such poetry in our age, as John Donne and the Seventeenth-Century Metaphysical Poets? Yes, but we tend to limit ourselves to the very best works of a very few figures. When poetry is much more than what chosen artists portray. It is a challenge to look squarely and see beyond the obvious features of things. Sometimes real poetry is hidden beneath a rock, such as the work of Earl Simmons also known as D.M.X. Earl Simmons has an emotional climax of a trip through the subconscious of young people. By opening himself up in his works, D.M.X. believes he can save the souls of those he cares about through God. In an anglican manner, Earl Simmons and John Donne works are similar by merit, love, and religion. Both artists have used poetry to explore their own identities, expressing their feelings, and most of all, they have used it to deal with the personal experiences occurring in their life. The world has changed a lot since the seventeenth-century but many ideals have stayed the same as we can see through Donne and Simmons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In efforts to save man, Donne tries to uncover the foes of man that may lead to down fall. He explicitly states that the foe of man should fear is the devil. The second foe that Donne refers to is the love of flesh or Stewart 2 temporal pleasures. This can be recognized in a verse paragraph from Satire III. Donne writes, Know thy foes: the foul Devil, he, whom thou Strivest to please, for, hate, not, love, would allow Thee fain, his whole realm to be quit; and as The world’s all parts wither away and pass, So the world’s self, thy other loved foe, is In her decrepit wane, and thou loving this, Dost love a withered and worn strumpet; last, Flesh (itself’s death) and joys which flesh can taste, Thou lovest; and thy fair goodly soul, which doth Give this flesh power to taste joy, thou dost loathe. Seek true religion. From this section of Satire III we can see temporal and metaphysical foes are Represented.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Donne, Earl Simmons’ work has quality and virtue. Simmons attempts to warn people of the trickery of the devil in his work entitled Damien. In Damien the devil uses the speakers love of the flesh and worldy

Criticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay

Criticism of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald      Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald creates an artificial world where money is the object of everyone's desire.   The characters, the setting, and the plot are very deeply submerged in a Capitalism that ends up destroying many of them.   Fitzgerald's criticism of Capitalism can be seen as a move to subtly promote Socialism, an ideology in which value is placed on the inherent value of an object rather than its market value.   In a late collection of notes, Fitzgerald himself proclaims that he is "essentially Marxist." [i]  Ã‚   Marxism is a specific branch of Socialist theory.   Fitzgerald makes Gatsby a novel that is not inherently Marxist or even Socialist, but one that is imbued with Marxist theory.   He does this by denouncing nonhumanitarianism, reification, and market value.   Fitzgerald implies that the Capitalist system does not work because at the end of the novel, all of the characters that represent typical American Capitalism end up eit her dead or completely unhappy.   Fitzgerald's criticisms work to warn 1920's Americans of their behavior and how destructive it can be.       Marxists believe very firmly in humanitarianism; they believe that as humans, we should look out for each other and care for each other, because we are all essentially on the same level.   All of the characters in Gatsby nullify this idea, because they all use each other.   For instance, Gatsby uses Nick to set up a meeting between he and Daisy.   The characters also place very little value on individual human beings or on humanity as a whole.   Each character is too wrapped up in him/herself that he/she does not take the time to care for others.   Class levels are pr... ... Fitzgerald, F. Scott.   The Great Gatsby.   New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996. Lewis, Roger.   "Money, Love, and Aspiration in The Great Gatsby."   New  Ã‚   Essays on The Great Gatsby.   Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli.   New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.   41-57. Posnock, Ross.   " 'A New World, Without Being Real': Fitzgerald's Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby."   Critical Essays on Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.   Ed. Scott Donaldson.   Boston:   GK   Hall and Co., 1984.   201-213.          Notes [i] Fitzgerald, F. Scott.   The Crack Up.   [ii] Lewis, Roger.   "Money, Love, and Aspiration in The Great Gatsby."   P. 51 [iii] Posnack, Ross.   "'A New World, Material without Being Real': Fitzgerald's Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby." P. 202. [iv] Ibid., p. 203. [v]  Ã‚   Ibid., p. 206. [vi]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ibid., p. 208.   

Essay on A memorable day Essay

India is a country of different communities belonging to different religions. So almost every day we see a festival being celebrated with joy and fun. The festivals make our life colourful and charming. There are some religious festivals, some are based on seasons and some are of national importance. They are celebrated with great joy and fun. The Indian religious festivals are Deepawali and Dussehra, Id-ul- Fitr and Id-ul Zuha. X’mas day and the New Year’s day, Mahavir Jayanti, Buddha Jayanti, Guru Nanak’s Birthday etc. Though these festivals are marked by different communities, yet they are celebrated by all without any ill-will and communal hatred. Festivals promote the feelings of com ­munal harmony. Holi, Baisakhi and Basant are important seasonal festivals. Basant declares the arrival of spring season. Holi is a festival of colours. It marks the end of the winter season. Baisakhi is the seasonal festival of the Punjab. It is celebrated at the end of harvesting season. The Independence Day, the Republic Day and the Gandhi Jayanti are national festivals. These are celebrated with great joy by all the communities throughout the country. The Independence Day is cel ­ebrated on 15th August, 1947 on this day we got freedom from the British Empire. The Prime Minister hoists the national flag on the Red Fort on this great historic day. The Republic Day is celebrated on 26th January. On this day a colourful parade starts from Vijay Chowk which ends at the Red Fort. Gandhi Jayanti (Oct. 2) is the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi-the father of nation. Thus we find that the festivals bring a new charm in the life of Indians.