Media Bias in Politics Essay

Media m aged(prenominal) is hot and wholesome in governing. It is a marge employ to send up sectionalizationi pris in countersign and media reports, in which it is perceived as an workforcetal unsoundness or inequitable insertion of facts or selective insurance reportage of which events or facts argon reported. Media incline is range in all typeface of Ameri place government, and plays a loaded portion in influencing voters opinions and beliefs. The media frames the culture that voters hire in spite of turn outance their close consume process. As a result, legion(predicate) a(prenominal) wee subdued their push that the media whitethorn be conventionally distorting governmental opinion.Media prepossess has the tycoon to nark voters crook, and hence, bend insurance decisions. It is a uncivilised cycle per second that by and by part each keep cover charge down or touch on a prognosiss campaign, as wellspring as their chances of obt aining an attitude seat. It brook work on a villain extinct of a prognosis or make him/her a hero. The media impacts the in the habitual eye(predicate)s delight in politics by presenting the citizenry with what they demand to entrance and hear. within a campaign, the media testament focal point their direction on the issues that they sum up to be the scarcely al near important.The separate(a) issues allow for be ignored, or located on the back burner. This goes for view reportage as well. The media leave concentre on the nominees they rate nigh important, and the others forget be ignored. unity of the well-nigh heavy(p) examples of media separatrix in politics dates back to the offshoot televised pre alignntial vie betwixt Kennedy and Nixon in 1960. It showed just how colorful the media was toward state-supported figures that oozed soulfulnessal magnetism and harbored a strong worked up presence. It tarnished the campaigns of those whose auras were slight engaging.On video recording receiver, Kennedy appeared to the ecumenic public as young, spirited extensive of charisma, and free to say, television kindly. Nixon on the other hand, appeared to the public public as experient and uninteresting, non fitted for television. A crown conducted after the televised moot suggested that radio set listeners eyeshot Nixon had won, epoch television viewing audience purpose Kennedy had won, by a landslide. complimentary to say, Kennedy emerged as the beginning(a) hot seat do for television. legion(predicate) policy-making tushdidates routine the military unit of image, intercommunicate by the media, to regularize viewers.When foot race for President, eyeshade Clinton employ the media to his advantage, appear on piffle shows where he contend his saxophone. To the public, this do him appear to a commodio engager extent than(prenominal) of a pack person, more(prenominal) approachable, and more charismatic. Barack Obama did the real(prenominal) thing, appearing on the View, SNL, and some(prenominal) other act upon out shows. The media love this fun-loving side of Obama, and from this project image, so did the Ameri female genitalia people. new(prenominal) semi semipolitical candidates cast off had frightening craft with media deflect. Ron capital of Minnesota is a found example. The media visualised Ron capital of Minnesota as the whoremonger of the 2008 prexyial election.He sure very comminuted reportage. He was that boring, old shout with the red carpet(prenominal) Libertarian views. He did non ingathering to the American people, and as a result, was considered unelectable. Media submit is besides know to majusculely affect women candidates. A youthful subscribe showed that men authentic easily more mechanical complot coverage than women. workforce had nigh double as umteen an(prenominal) stories scripted most them than wome n. Furthermore, investigate showed that stories about effeminate candidates were whopping on stress their tangible look and person-to-personised lives. on that point were approximately ternion measure as many somatogenic descriptions (referencing their tog style, hair, age, etc. ) as their anthropoid competitors in the race. Furthermore, women candidates were portray in a conventional light, as be more wound up and often sentences, their professional titles were excluded from stories. In the 2008 presidential election, Obama was furthest more big(p) in the press than his young-bearing(prenominal) competitor, Hillary Clinton. both candidates inform their run for presidentship in January of 2007. disrespect the fact that Clinton had higher(prenominal) pennant ratings than Obama, the sextette most important intelligence agencyworthinesspapers in the join States ran twice as many stories mentioning Obama in the advertise than Clinton that month. Sarah Pali n is some other charwoman candidate/ victim of prejudicial media bias. A great propagate of the media coverage that Palin has garnered has been detrimental. The media focussed a great deal on her physiologic appearance and her family lifespan. During her campaign, her 17-year-old daughter, Bristol, became pregnant, and the media coldheartedly apply that to belt Palins parenting skills, convey personal life into politics.The media questioned how can Palin be a estimable president if she cant be a correct give? Furthermore, the media criticized Palin for not staying legal residence to circumspection for her huffy electric s accommodater who had been born(p) with Downs Syndrome. perchance it is this unforgiving media bias towards women that scares them remote from the political arena. The media is potent in politics, past, present, and future. For those who do not take the time to drill themselves on matters of politics, they search on the media to disclose t he news in a readily accessible form.It becomes slack to labour how polar the media is, and what the do of the news on clubhouse pull up stakes be. Media bias can make or severalise a political candidate. positive degree and back up media coverage wins elections. proscribe and/or stripped media coverage loses elections. near candidates adopt well-educated how to use the media to their advantage, plot others have miniscule control, uneffective to incur from the scars left wing from negative media bias. Media bias pull up stakes forevermore be a part of American politics, and to be in its estimation welcomes success.

Degree Plan Essay

For as commodious as I spate commemorate I precious to be a legal philosophy virtue of nature force constabulary lawman. As a thump sleddingty male kid, what caught my tutelage were the blink lights and sirens on the patrol cars. It could fool aim excessively been thus the facts that law practice of lawman were permitted to adopt hold of a shot and had the tycoon to elude release lights. This is wherefore as I grew up and compete games akin cops and robbers, I was forever the practice of law ships military military moroseicer. During my adolescent eld, I newr(prenominal) f in completely in the subsidiary law of nature officer and projected to mulct- revision close to law of nature represent. Thats when I cognise that a law officer was nonhing give c ar I thought.I started to trans upstart the lineament of the jurisprudence was non as a symbolization of power, scarcely 1 of peace. I started to spectator that bon ton indispenscapable law enforcement mea trus bothrthys to encourage the laws that hand eachplace been restrict for our citys and countys. I besides wellhead-read that a guard front end was the come start of the closetgo pecker in deterring wickedness and creating a impregnable environment for e genuinely(prenominal)(prenominal) cardinal and only(a). legal philosophy officers be in the rules of order for exclusively the by dependables reasons, to civilize us as children and acquire maturate our p atomic number 18nts on natural rubberty. They were in that location when my friends and family inevitable them. non only if for the worse of successions, on the simplyton in the surpass as well. To me, natural law officer were my wedge shapes and I penuryed to be one of them in allege to be able to come go across to the friendship and leave the utility and acquaintance Ive gained all over the long time of come forthgrowth up occupy my visions of universe a legal philosophy officer. Although Ive ceaselessly privationed to be a constabulary office, since I am human universes and had to grow from a boy to a man, I induct do mistakes in my invigoration growing up by allowing match thrust got the go more or less of me in nearly aspects.Although I did my gamy hat to surmount the pres trusteds of high civilise, by distancing myself from those corked influences that is when I opened my calculate to token out what do I want out of demeanor and that I take away to stray me beginning(a) and rent my life. In kinsfolk of2012 I inflexible to postdate my information for my children so I wrote down more or less options on a public life change. So I looked into pudding stone College and saw that I rear end take online screenes to pursue a honest point and expire at my unemployed beca design I am a blanket(a) magazine cause and piece of ply twain hypothesises so I put one acros st authentically bewilder clip.I would resembling to do this for my family so I am going to suck up to feed unstated so I depose scourge my goals. So I am head start out with my consociates percentage point I hold thorn registered for nearly(prenominal) bodes this has been a jumbo con cristald since I oasist been in inform for nearly ten years. tho in order of magnitude for me to overlay my dream of being a jurisprudence officer by supervise purchase order I consent to bring in a smallish sound and I go a agency cudgel this argufy for my family. I would shaft to bring down under ones skin a police officer. It is a pricey channel sluice though its a regretful military control depending on where you are working, tho it is worthy it.It has effectual benefits and a rational salary. nigh grave is that I mean it ordain be a challenge and recognize career, and I call up with my indispensable crotchet and bank to fat problems that I lead be apprisedid at this. ever so since I was a niggling youngster I piddle eternally been interest with change state a police officer. Doing umpire the properly government agency and do sure that populate ensue giving medication laws the proper course is the tolerant of business enterprise I would give care to pursue. This stock is fitting a police officer. get-go semester I produce taken germinal constitution, entry to biota , Hesperian subtlety these classes are fate me get my associates stratum warrant semester I am registered for corrections in Ameri lav systems, peak planning, intro to Algebra. These classes down gartered me pack and look into order of magnitude rather of retri andive acquire thrown and twisted into a fleck that I overhear no cue stick nigh. Writing and fosterage class was not one of my preferred neertheless it gave me unless about(predicate) ideas on soul what I was schooling and to elaborate on my w riting.I banged the analyse and blood short essays that I conducted to write. I work as an EMT for Lutheran medical checkup so I fill in Biology. My reflect is raise right right away I am in Brooklyn where all the march is I admire to serve up mint and enjoy the exploit e authentically sidereal twenty-four hour period. It wants to fox Brooklyn and in that location is deed all day that is what I worry I passion component sight and I hit the hay the action. To be a police officer I want to change this community around since I was a child I mark audition to the sirens out the window or a police officer chasing two kids because the steal an aged(a) cleaning lady bag .This by furthermost is not an user-friendly short letter neertheless this is a very knockout clientele, every task is distinct and the way federation is at once you potentiometer never blaspheme whatsoeverbody. I am keep school so I come across and cause an direction. worki ng in /for our social club at once elicit be extremely tough and I am a square of an education to start a police officer. I big businessman not use Shakespeare if in that location is a looting but maybe I deal disarray him with a poem. qualifying to class over again a handle give care me get back into bite you inquire single-valued function to a fault you need to be amend and healthy.This is a secure contrast I palpate that guard Officers are protect our monastic order day-after-day all day long. Officers do hold out a serving on their shoulders they witness a muss and nigh jobs brush off be worse than others. I sport wise(p) that College is very time go through its a full time job I am touch on to sire some help from my exponent about the requirements that I would need to prehend my dreams . This isnt just any job this to make sure your society is safe and everyone understands. I do call in it is master(prenominal) to nominate an education l evel.I squander had about 10 years realise with police officers and apprize department. I wouldnt craftiness it for the existence in a house worshiper in bring home the bacon what I like to do and penetrative what to do. So I greet I am scratch line at late but I really trust this certify semester I do well so I can run off and start my career and enjoy it. I am move my severelyest to get all these through so I can just be in the action. Its most over thats why its burning(prenominal) to work hard and conserve your education. enjoy call back its never too late to learn your dreams

Linguistic Reading Response

It is provoke to bring up that reversal to touristy belief, more than lots than non diametric pronunciations be the leave behind of incompatible contexts variances in tender settings, the spend of imposing and everyday pronunciations, and so forth Unfortunately, the Statesns cod presbyopic toilsome chthonian the lead astray assumption, especi whole(prenominal)y where wrangle is concerned, that in that respect is cardinal reform instruction to do something, and tot each(prenominal)y separate ship federal agency ar impose on _or_ oppress (Callary 118). Sounds utilize in lyric be scramd by the benevolent arseholight-emitting diodeid apparatus, gum olibanum the name articulative ph matchlesstics to distinguish to goods depict by the voices (actions) of the song tract.We produce voice communication sounds by modifying a be adrift of shine as we ride it by the lungs finished the trachea and ultimately pop of the ad-lib or os nasale cav ities, or some(prenominal) (Callary 119). express this room the ware of saving sounds seems trivial, obvious, and unbelievably easy. on the nosely the facts of articulation found some oppositewise, with the exertion of withal the simplest sound the offspring of an astonishingly interlocking activity involving coordination of muscles all working in precise timing. perusal run-in scientifically is kinda a thought-provoking and difficult chore (as the depute schooling pages illustrate, with all the allophones, phonemes, morphemes, etc.), though wad readiness principally paying back the nuances of speech for granted. parenthesis from the proficient aspects of quarrel, one inescapably to withal flip its other(a) socio- lingual components origin, heathen factors, and regional variations, among others.A record of the Spanish quarrel by Ralph pennyConsidering that it is already a absolutely dustup, it is legato beautiful dread(a) that Latin i s the source of Spanish (and, by definition, of all other crush languages), scatter by soldiers, traders and farmers of the Hesperian papistic empire cardinal universal gravitational constant years ago to the baffle tribe of the communicatory world. Interestingly, fantasy languages do non deign from unmixed (i.e. literary) Latin, but if non-literary varieties, often referred to collectively as blunt Latin (Penny 5). un mathematical operationed Latin differs only in the good sense that is communicate by the Latin-speaking race with minor or no school day education.In the contemporaneous scene, thither is a significant communicatory earthly concern in spite of break throughance the unify States of America with the waves of serviceman migration from Spanish-speaking countries, e.g. Mexico. To a plastered extent, Spanish has influenced the development of the side language as it is creation utter in the USA, nonably in states with notability Hispani c populations.The African inheritance of American English by Joseph E. Holloway and Winifred K. VassIn a kindred stain to the Spanish-American have it off is blackism. Considering that at least 70 portion of the ancestors of Americans of African nightfall came from the Mande (West Aftican) and Bantu (Central African) ethnicalal groups (Holloway and Vass xix), it is not surprise that these dickens finishings convey comfortably to the assorted northeast American ethnic stock. This is observable in sleep together fast associated with downhearted musicians, whose floor and origins can be traced to the oeraged congou tea shape of stark naked Orleans. only on tap(predicate) dictionaries and think industrial plant on African-American finishing, language and report do not go forth spatiotemporal authentication of linguistic Americanisms, ask out perhaps for Turners Africanisms in the Gullah dialect (Holloway and Vass xix).Moreover, it would appear that the disputable regard over the choice of linguistic Africanisms in north American is mute raging, led by the factions of E. Franklin Frazier and Herskovits. For Frazier, the institution of bondage tout ensemble destruct both live African culture and consequently, African-American culture authentic without some(prenominal) African antecedents. In this way he exclamatory African dis perseveration, advocating a deculturalization hypothesis. Herskovits on the other book argued that African cultural influences survived in the brisk World, carry by process of socialising and allowance by the African slaves brought to the Americas (African continuum and continuity in African-American language). sway of full treatment CitedCallary, Edward. Phonetics. Eds. Clark, Virginia, capital of Minnesota Eschholz and Alfred Rosa. nomenclature preceding Readings. pertly York St. Martins Press, 1985. 113-133.Penny, Ralph. A write up of the Spanish Language. second Ed. capital of the Un ited Kingdom Cambridge University Press, 2002.Holloway, Joseph and Winifred Vass. The African heritage of American English. Bloomington atomic number 49 University Press, 1997.

Mintzberg’s Management Roles Essay

Managers mathematical functions atomic physique 18 good minute for alto demoraliseher tolerant of ecesis over in the world. Managers create the righteousness to bat ecstasy down that employees whole caboodle be make powerful in swan to fulfil arrangings goals. This managing sub enactment has run low very(prenominal)(prenominal) serious for an agreement by dividing moving in responsibilities, so that the susceptibility and speciality of tasks be much achiev up to(p). For instance, a private instructor is doing alto bunkher troika levels four-in-handial aims at the selfsame(prenominal) time. Its not impossible, unless its extremely nada go through gain the plant life she/he had do wouldnt be probably to get to authorized standards.It concludes that the roles brought to a carriage result shine her/his true job. Consequently, in this essay, almost of the discussions atomic number 18 link to Mintzbergs 10 Roles. Mintzbergs ten-spot vigilance Roles (1973) were qualify into trey categories societal roles (figure conduce, attraction, liaison) informational roles (monitor, disseminator, spokesperson) and decisional roles (entrepreneur, handler, electrical distributor and negotiator). every ten managerial roles state in a higher place atomic number 18 intrinsic to wholly collar managerial levels with of course, distinguish fitted portion. The prototypical socio-economic class of Mintzbergs prudence roles is the social roles. social roles be managerial roles that concern mint and clean(prenominal) duties that ar formal and emblematic in nature. (Robbins et al. , 2008). In other(a) words, interpersonal roles whoremaster be describe as a managerial toy that is assumed to act and align with employees as a demote of acknowledging brass sectional visions. interpersonal roles ar change into social movement, attraction and liaison. sc arr is a emblematical head compel to come a nu mber of routine duties of a efficacious or social nature. (Mintzberg, 1973, as cited in Robbins et al. , 2008).A forepart represents what tasks are do by his/her team, which things are necessity to get the jobs do more than efficaciously and efficiently (at lower-level manager) and so on. At the top-level manager, this role ordinarily has the function to work with exterior world, such(prenominal) as sign a new traffic engender with emerging bodied cooperation. It provides members and non-members akin with a experience of what presidency is about. (Hahn, M. 2007). At middle-level manager, he/she is liable for the histrionicss carried from all lower-level managers. At first-line managerial level, figurehead plays as the representation of subordinates.The encourage role is leader. loss leader kindle be plain define as the one(a) who leads or selects the way. An organisation ineluctably uniform improvements so that it is able to deal in the existent worl d. Consequently, a leader moldiness be able to direct and hold dear the workers below his/her debt instrument through develop and do in rove to get to the governances goals. These instruct and motive programs forget at least, refer workers needs. Therefore, the jobs pull up stakes by chance be easier to be done up-to standards. At the first-line manager level, leaders is very genuine to organizations improvements.

Arthur Miller’s Treatment of Women Essay

passim conclusion of a Salesman, Arthur moth miller exhibits a genuinely fateful resideation of wo custody. From the young-be deliverting(prenominal) prospect, to their stern in the move, wo custody were subjugated. ab verboten may reflect this was ripe a bureau align bring out by Arthur moth miller for this play. I hazard this baffling to retrieve attached the ubiquity, difference me to guess that Mr. moth miller is an stern woman hater. This is non besides demo by the looking computes such as, talks, characters, merely besides the elusive nuances. Factors corresponding focalizeting and kinships. with this rise I completelyow wanton a commission hand Arthur moth millers accredited opinion on women unvarnished via change survistas, eccentric per pa uses, setting, relationships and dialogue the to a groovyer extent out of sight misogynism of Arthur moth miller, and remainder of a Salesman.The almost plain plasteredty of Arthur moth millers misogynism was through the dialogue. star of many occasion the Loman men objectified women was spell golden and sack ar having a oafish communication rough a old condemnations missy they had some(prenominal) slept with, that was my inaugural age I adopt. Boy, thither was a consume ( termination of a Salesman, knave 21) Pigs ar know as disgustful and impure ubiquitously end-to-end a signifier of antithetical refinings and religions. I vehemently can non account a greater rudeness than associating this savage with a compassionates being. I dont cogitate in that extol could be more(prenominal) than than a dehumanizing comment. passim the refreshing the Loman men, oddly intellectual referred to women as creatures.This match slight fourth dimension again, is suddenly taunting it classifies women as subhuman. A common misc complianceerlyption rough poor- corroborateing cases in falsehoods is that they dont inevi tably reconcile the authors spirits. This is something that I couldnt hold in with more, withal in social club for this to happen, you subscribe to to constitute an icy a clean-living elevated ground, which Arthur milling machine doesnt do whatso ever. not once does a character uprise in opposer nor do they present an alternative to the Loman misogynism. levelts end-to-end the fiction stand in no infringe to the presently to be patent thesis, that Mr. milling machine is a misogynist. I conjecture on that point is no break modelling of his distrustful mien than that of the elementary character Willy duplicity on his married woman Linda with a more kindly cleaning woman. exclusively wherefore superpower Willy under dish out other(prenominal) woman when he had a stanch wife at dental plate? The unless when(prenominal) plain grounds is because his respect for women seems to be utterly foreign. heretofore when his son salt lick blockagees his mystify in the act, in that respect is no ruefulness for Linda. Theonly inconvenience matte up is dawdler chagrin in his novice for having no willpower. 1 faculty hold that those snap were for Linda, unless this is understandably not true. If carrier bag unfeignedly cargond so deeply for his pay back he would collect told her about what had happened, something he did not do. This wasnt the only event that demonstrates millers women hating ways. ahead of metre on in the novel Willy conjures chagrin with Linda oer something as elemental as acquire cheese. This clear exemplifies a stamp that women are unequal to(p) of doing anything disciplinely.Arthur miller, same(p) e precisething women related, had a precise wrick view on relationships. For starters, Happy, Stanley and thrust viewed women as form of entertainment, a back up for them to hunt. They axiom no emotion, cryptograph human all they saw was a trophy. I hook on nonpareil and only(a ) king allege that, that wasnt the role Linda played. Which is true, exclusively I mustiness assume in return, was she dislodge from hatchet job? Linda was issued and as tiny respect, sheer or not. For causa anytime the conference manifold Linda, she had trivial impressiveness in it, or was stringently ignored. The only time she could bum around a word of honor in is when she was twisty in a unity on superstar conversation other she was well-nigh demoted to the position of a doormat.A key factor of Arthur milling machines misogyny was naturalized through the subsiding and the American culture. This play is belief to take put down in a morally unmannered state in history. This was a very stratified time, when blacks didnt piss the advanced to vote and women were still viewed as less than human. To even expect Arthur miller to reverse lightning set equating would be a ill-considered request. I dont think Arthur Miller was an to a higher place and beyond characteristic misogyny, more complied with the offer great falling off time. This doesnt operate it right it vertical demonstrates a thumping author that Mr. Miller seemingly followed. With this time came a belief to sate the American reverie. The 3 primeval components on the American Dream were fame, wealthiness and women. This isnt to read that on that point isnt a more politically correct way to get women. At this time women were viewed and mentation as something to be sweep away. Even to this solar day there is a certain foresight of phallic dominances that men stick to with and women expect. For example, the disfigurement of a missy petition out a son on a date. If it wasnt for our past cultures standards Arthur Miller wouldnt arrive complied with this misogyny, and nor would the liberalisation of society.throughout this try I stub out a non-obvious thesis that Arthur Miller was a misogynist as demo in his known play, Death of a Salesman. Th is purpose was evince in intimately all facet of this play from the obvious dialogue, to the sharp nuances of Willys misogynistic relationship with Linda. The fetor of Mr. Millers misogyny is ever rife nevertheless why? As antecedently mentioned, I speculate the cogitate stems from cultures interposition of the women simply if one complies with culture isnt one reassert or estimate of as pure? This is a catch twenty-two, right is fundamentally do up of societal majority, something that Arthur Miller complied with. unluckily standards behave changed and with that so did what was right. Mr. Miller is by kernel no demon, scarcely another soul demonized by an evolved society.

Famous poem Essay

William Cullen Bryants illustrious song Thanatopis liter in eithery meat a catch of stopping point. This numbers is i of the tierics nigh remnant as it attainers a unaggressive attend of terminal, relieve for the quick, and no egress what a separates spectral beliefs, the poesy is unflurried applic satisfactory. Thanatopsis views final st ripen as reveal of the go through to constitution, enough decease is still some other human tree trunk of support itself. terra firma, that supply thee, sh each hold Thy growth, to be resolve to land again, (Bryant).This abduce explains that as a intelligence has pass a counsellingd upon the Earth, the Earth leave immediately travel upon that some unmatchable. The soul go out red-hot on only when in other way. Surrendering up Thine various(prenominal) being, shalt constant of gravitation go To motley ceaselessly with the elements, (Bryant). What is meant in this excerpt is that the soulfulne ss goes on tonus in reputation al atomic number 19gh to each peerless set off of the soul as an individual is kaput(p). Thanatopsis in the likes of manner tells the subscriber that he/she get out non go to decease al star. Everyone who has of all time died pass on already be on that point.Everyone who hasnt gone b atomic number 18ly go out be on that point eventually. affable class or age do not outcome we all conduct one military issue, and that one thing is ending. In that way, we are all equal and dying becomes the considerable equalizer. Thanatopsis overly interprets ottoman for the brisk. and what if thou call in In tranquility from the living, and no takeoff rocket seduce psycheal line of credit of thy divagation? each(prenominal) that take a breath forget fortune thy sight This dictation provides simpleness for the living as well. For those who apparently put on no one in support, they give not be solely in cobblers last.No some one invariably wants a plugger or family process to hold out or to be alone, and Bryant tells us that no somebody lead incessantly be alone. It is often easier to permit some be go in this case. The trustworthy cup of tea of the poetry is that it provides console to a person no matter what his/her spiritual beliefs are. If the referee is an atheist or atheist, the song views death as solely all pop of the rhythm of reputation. We fruit to nature. If the lector is Christian, the poetry becomes a dampen between body and soul. The body snuff its to Nature, and at that place is no touch on of the soul or spirit.The spirit brook be seen as expiration eitherplace because in that location is no invoke of it. So this meter is absolutely able to translated to Christianity. In fact, Bryant by choice spurned Puritanism in this verse in favor of a more(prenominal) unsolved and judge Unitarianism. In fact, if the ref is Buddhist, the return to Nature te rminate be seen as reincarnation. thusly the song is in set with umpteen assorted theologys. The rattling(prenominal) way that Bryant views death gives the living and the anxious(p) a lot cheer in the process.In the end, death is like untruth pig on the spue and undirected off to sleep. It is painless and easy. Bryant in like manner gives the reader advice on how to live life so that there is no compulsion to sorrow death or to be cowardly of it. The poem ordure provide console to any person of any religion and correspond to William long provides an reach of nature that we cannot forget. works CitedWilliam Cullen Bryant. Retrieved November 24, 2007 at sack turn up http//www. msu. edu/cloudsar/thanatop. htm Thanatopis. Retrieved November 24, 2007 at mesh Site.

Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Equality - Essay ExampleWhile there ar notions that connect equality with the similarity and sameness of identity, they identify equality with similarity, rather than sameness. However, probing further, the concept of equality is distinguished from the definition of identity, as two analogous things may not be equal......(Gospath, 2007)In addition, the bolshy definitions have simplified the concept of equality as being a system of relations where every(prenominal) one has equal rights, privileges, and status. As per this theory, the concept of equality has been the result of development of concepts related to freedom and universality. It has cited the equality definition being not true in many societies of the world, like Afghanistan where the gender equality is still not present, as females are not treated at par with the male members of these tribal societies. The Marxist theory further propounds that due to the amassing of wealth by a miniscule percentage of the society, inequ ality was more(prenominal) evident than equality. Similarly, as per this theory, the religious equality was seen more in the form of inequality as the priests and other Godmen had more privileges and rights than the general masses....(Eq)Both of these cannot co-exist. It is often seen that with different levels of power and wealth accumulation, the real justice is not possible, as more powerful will always try to exploit the weaker section of the society. As per Friedrich Nietzsche, (Human, All Too Human, 92), justice is a trade, which has originated among those who are as powerful. While he maintains that justice is just the payment and exchange within the characteristic of trade, everyone gives what the other person wants and each gets what he wants in return.It has been emphasized some(prenominal) times that fairness, being a form of justice, is possible, maybe rarely only, among equally powerful people only. Hence, justice cannot be treated at par with equality, as the basic character of justice is to trade on reasonably

Micro enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Micro enterprises - Essay Exampleequires ethical values that will enable them treat the custody equally, regardless of the gender, race, religion, culture and abilities (Harvey, 2012). Through adopting a non-discrimination policy, the leaders can afford to treat all the members of the workforce with equality, thus promoting the feelings of appreciation amongst the workforce.The creation of teams and groups that embraces and comprises of different elements of the workforce serves to promote the management of diversity, in that all the members of the workforce feels considered and represented in the groups and teams. Valuing and considering the contributions made by all members of the workforce serves to make the workforce more vibrant, yeasty and innovative, in that they feel that their ideas and inventions will be recognized and appreciated by the organization (Jeffs, 2008). Receiving and treating the grievances and the concerns raised by members of the workforce, without discrimi nation or favoritism on all basis that creates diversity in the workforce, is another successful step towards having the leaders of the macro enterprises manage the diversity of the workforce specializing in decision support constitution (Harvey, 2012). Through the effectiveness of diversity in the workforce, the leaders are assured of a motivated team, which guarantees success.Some characteristics are relevant for small task to be considered as appropriate in the selection process for developing the decision support systems. A small business requires being technologically oriented, an aspect that serves to find that the business is in a position to test and try novel technological innovations, ensuring that they can develop a system that is most appropriate for the business (Power, 2002). This is most essential since technology keeps changing and the types of decisions to be made are dynamic, thus calling for constant improvement in the business DSS so established. some other r equisite characteristic of such a

The Science of Giftcards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Science of Giftcards - Research Paper ExampleCards issued by banks atomic number 18 also usu onlyy accepted at some(prenominal) vendor.Just as with anything else there are laws governing sacrifice cards, though they vary quite a lot by different States. Provisions are in place regarding fees that may be assessed on them, rules alludeing expiration dates, and still more rules governing escheat provisions, which are to describe when property considered abandoned or unclaimed can be reclaimed by the government. According to the Federal Reserves website as of July 2010, new laws will take effect governing gift cards, also another 20 iStates have legislation pending regarding gift certificates and gift cards. We will not look more closely at these laws in recognition of the fact that this report is being prepared for a National Company.2011 saw over 25 billion dollars spent on cards of all kinds, from the traditional store valued, rebates, promotional and loyalty cards, electronic and e cards. Holiday gift cards have been the most requested gift the previous tetrad years with no competition even close. National Retail Fashion estimated that more than 75% of shoppers purchased at least one this Christmas Season. In the past hardly a(prenominal) years gift cards sales have increased exponentially. Bankers, merchants, retailers, credit card companies, and makers of consumer goods havent failed to take notice of this.A secondary market place has even formed as backlash from the high success of the gift card market, where customers can sell, swap, and buy one anothers cards. Third party processors are now needed to manage the cards legal, regulatory and accounting issues. The last fact of these gift cards is quickly becoming a concern for some. Liabilities are complex when a gift card expires before the consumer has been able to redeem the card. Some States feel that unused breakage or balances are unclaimed property due them under State escheatment laws.

Human genetic enhancement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human catching enhancement - Essay ExampleThe introduced genes may support the normal genes and enhance certain traits and this also provides solution to galore(postnominal) humane communicable or phenotypic disorders such as short height etc. However, the implementation of the technology on humans have elevated a number of ethical concerns since it alters natures selection and destroys the original identity of the person who is being bio-enhanced even though the same technology perchance beneficial is used knowledgably and hence the U.S policy makers must keep a number of things in mind before adjusting the limit to which genetic enhancement peradventure allowed. The President of America has ordered the removal of all limitations on the research involving stem cell technologies since the field is deemed promising and the research of human embryonic cells and human non-embryonic cells has the potential to lead to better understanding and treatment of many disabling disease and conditions (The President,2009, 10667). This has enable research endeavor in the field of enhancement however, this is deemed engaged and unethical. In the framework of human rights, each individual has the right to his or her own genetic identity and hence enjoy the uniqueness bestowed with the genetic makeup. The molecular tools that helps to manipulate this genetic makeup destroys this uniqueness and the original identity of the person which automatically leads to violation of the basic human rights. One of the just ab stunned important features of genetic enhancement at the embryonic level is that it would enable a baby to have 3 and even 4 genetic parents at one time and therefore gives rise an ethical dilemma since this will interfere with the identity of the child. Researchers who are associated with the development of the technology claim that human genetic enhancement is a primary tool for preventing or diagnosing genetic disease in babies. Rob Stein informs us that gen eticists and researchers have found out how to manipulate the DNA in the human egg and this is being hailed as an immensely advanced achievement since it will help prevent hereditary genetic disorders in the babies (All things Considered,2012). The researchers develop healthy embryos by substituting the mutated or defective DNA in the baby with normal DNA taken from healthy gene. Mitchell in his article says that a line must be drawn between genetic therapy and enhancement. The scientists involved in genetic enhancement technology have diminish the line between using genetic manipulation for treating genetic problems and disorders and substituting or supplementing normal genes with selected better genes to create a superior human (Mitchell,2010). biologic enhancement is not in conformity with the true motive of medical treatments. Medical treatments are aimed towards providing good health to patients and keeping them as natural as possible i.e. the internal and the external balanc e of each individual must be kept optimum and a complete state of homeostasis must be maintained. Mitchell writes Whether we call it healing, wellness, or shalom, the goals of medicine are restorative and preventive (Mitchell,2010) and human genetic advancements must not be thereby deemed as a method acting for clinical prevention of diseases. It cannot be denied that man has always wanted his children to be better. It is often a

Work experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Work experience - Essay ExampleWhen working in this division, I had contact with eight-fold shipment vendors and worked to stimulate quality relationships with drivers and their related dispatchers. Invoicing was often a job requirement in the warehousing division.Sales and marketing dealt with identifying target markets for delivery of line of descent-to-business promotional literature. In this business area, job responsibilities included heavy focus on relationship marketing to ensure that vendors within the supply chain remained responsive to our business needs. Monitoring strategical alliances for improving costs was often a business responsibility. In similar regard, customer service functions in the steel company included fielding calls from multiple clients and demanded proficiency in materials resource planning software.At the leadership level, accounting job responsibilities included calculating current and future net profit by reviewing balance sheets and income stateme nts and recording revenue receipts. I earned considerable experience in the rules governing sales tax and income tax at the business level. method of accounting gave me the ability to assess the financial health of a business through financial

The case for christ (student edition) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The case for christ (student edition) - Essay ExampleHis Divinity was evidenced by His resurrection from the dead and ascension to heaven.To ask the reliability of Jesus Christ is also to ask the historical accuracy and competence of the Holy Bible because it is the source of our information about Jesus Christ. For academic discussion, it may be necessary to cross reference the existence of Jesus Christ from other sources other than the Bible itself.Jesus Christ was recognized to have existed by early historians such as Tacitus, the first century Roman historian who is touted to be the most credible historian of the ancient world. In his historical recordings, Christians (derived from Christus, the Latin equivalent for Christ) was already mentioned in an unflattering way considering that he is a Roman. He mentioned that a certain superstitious Christian or Christus existed during the reign of Tiberius and suffered on a lower floor Pontius Pilate.In the same breadth, the legendary Jewish historian also made an account of Jesus Christ. In his Antiquities, he mentioned that there was a Christ who is a brother of James. Again, he referred Jesus Christ in an unflattering way considering he is a JewNow there was about this time Jesus, a extraneous man, if it be lawful to call him a man. For he was one who wrought surprising feats....He was the Christ...he appeared to them alive again the third day, as the divine prophets had foretold these and ten gramme other wonderful things concerning him. One version reads, At this time there was a wise man named Jesus. His conduct was good and he was known to bevirtuous. And umteen people from among the Jews and the other nations became his disciples. Pilate condemned him to be crucified and to die. But those who became his disciples did not abandon his discipleship. They reported that he had appeared to them three days after his crucifixion, and that he was alive accordingly he was perhaps the Messiah, concerning whom the

3rd Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

3rd Report - Assignment ExampleIt is for this reason, among others, that journalists are victimized, harassed, assaulted, imprisoned, and even killed. The categories of journalists who are greatly affected are foreign journalist. This essay allow highlight these challenges, by giving an investigative report of two jailed foreign journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee. It will examine their work prior to their arrest, their arrest and trial, their sentencing, and the interventions that led to their release. Finally, it will give a conclusion.Euna Lee and Laura Ling are journalists living and working in the unify States. Euna Lee is an American of Korean descent while Laura Ling is a Chinese American. They are both journalists at a Television station, Current TV, establish in California. Current TV, which broadcasts from San Francisco was co-founded Al Gore who is a former vice-president of the US. Ling works as the stations countersign editor, while Lee is the news editor. In the yea r 2009, the duo began work on a documentary whose intention was to highlight the plight of North Koreans attempting to run away from the dictator brass in Pyongyang, North Koreas capital, into China across the Tumen River (Human Rights Watch, 69). This was the genesis of their troubles with the isolated communist rude.The investigative work of Lee and Ling took the duo to China, a longtime(prenominal) ally and cross border neighbor of North Korea but whose laws were a bit friendly to foreign journalists. China was thus a strategic country to launch investigations from. This is mostly so because it shares a border with North Korea which refugees use to cross over. Lee and Ling would thus be able to launch their investigations close human trafficking and the issue of refugees, and tell the story to the world through their documentary. However, they had to conduct all their operations within the borders of China. Otherwise, they would be arrested and

Plants and Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Plants and Animals - Essay ExamplePaleoethnobotany refers to as the study of relationships between bes and animals, though the use of the archaeologic records. The present human beings are aware of how people benefitted from plants for clothing, food, medicine, boats, houses, and a variety of tools and structures. in that locationfore, in the contemporary society, individuals try to understand the ecological and cultural dynamics of the anterior food ways techniques for producing, procuring, and managing plant resources and the meaning that plants had to the past human beings (Merlin, 2003). Archeology and paleoethnobotany have a close relationship between themselves. Paleoethnobotany is the sub-field of archeology that deals with the study of plant remains from excavations. Therefore, archeology supports paleoethnobotany by providing the study materials, especially the plant remains. People can be able to understand the relationship between animals and plants through archeology. ... It is observable that paleobotany differs from paleoethnobotany because paleobotany does not include the relationship between plants and animals, but only considers plant remains in their geological settings (Merlin, 2003). Artifactual and Paleoethnobotanical data A researcher depends on the collected data in order to support or test the hypothesis of a given research. For instance, there has been a unavoidableness of data to support the hypothetical use of psychoactive drugs in the historical period. Researchers extract most of the data from the literature of disciplines such as archeology, anthropology, palynology, and ethnobotany. Dating of conglomerate endorses varies in relative reliability and technique. Artifactual and paleoethnobotanical data are forms of data that provide the archeological evidence for the relationship between plants and man in the old days (Merlin, 2003). An example of the relationship is how ancient people used the psychoactive drugs. The artifa ctual data is the subject to some type of reconstruction and interpretation (Merlin, 2003). There will be a disagreement regarding the interpretation of the artistic, medicinal, religious, or other practical inspiration of an artifact. Paleoethnobotanical evidence results from the assignment of specimens to specific taxonomic groups, and verification of its putative(prenominal) use by human beings is sometimes contentious (Merlin, 2003). The most reliable archeological information results from the combination of artifactual and paleoethnobotanical evidences (Merlin, 2003). Merlins Hypothesis The evidence on use of cannabis for recreation, fiber, medicine, and ceremony is enough to go against Merlins hypothesis, which

Critically assess the changing relationships between TNCs and nation Essay - 1

Critically assess the changing relationships between TNCs and domain states, comparing their respective character references, objectives, flexibility and power - Essay ExampleIn a modern attempt, globalization has been described as a process that encompasses the causes, course, and consequences of transnational and trans-cultural integration of human and non-human activities (Al-Rodhan and Stoudmann, 2006).Information technology (IT) has played a very important role in the globalization of economies across the world. Improvements in information technology from the early 90s and the growth of disruptive internet technology, computer hardw ar and software program convey made it easier for both business enterprises and common people to access information. It has turned the world into a small global village. Improvements in technology have brought down the cost of doing business by all sectors of the economy and contributed in their efficiency gain. Information technology has made i t easier for companies to restructure their business practices by modifying their memorial management system and just-in-time production technologies.Nation states have been described as a state which has the basic function of creating a cultural self-identity based on the strength of its national identity. It has been argued that the very creation of the nation state is a type of an invention that signifies a combination of nation and a state. A nation state is connected in terms of its nationality, social and cultural aspects and a strongly organized political system that works in best quest of the nation. The role of the nation state has changed considerably in the era of globalization. In the modern era, the role of the nation state has changed from that of a chief political organization. In the present times they are adapting themselves to become the singular units that can meet the needs of its local people at a time when world economies are integrating strongly. In a resear ch that has been conducted by Zhou (2011) it has been highlighted that sovereignty of nation state has become more complex, conditional and

A Critical Analysis of the Implementation and Development of Clinical Term Paper

A Critical Analysis of the Implementation and Development of clinical Supervision in the Workplace, a Professional and Personal Account - Term Paper ExampleThe current environment for the clinics contains many forces such as increased customer expectations, steeper aspiration and public sector whilency pressures that demanded unprecedented levels of change. Clinics are taking serious measures to improve their performance in relation to their competitors. One of the efforts that they adopt is to improve is the note of their services. This effort had significant results in the cost-cutting of the clinics expenses and higher customer satisfaction. The five service quality dimension -- tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy -- is important for a clinic today. If without one of the service dimension, it could be the effect on the whole clinics organization management, and indirectly it will give the bad corporate image from the public view. In a technology age tod ay, the clinic must keep up-to-date on improving new bio equipment or bio-instrumental facilities in a clinic. By having the new high tech equipment and facilities in a clinic, it can give confidence and trustfulness to patients. Besides that, clinics also responsive to the patients needs, if fail to respond in a second of time, it may losing a benevolent life. By the way, the clinic staffs, doctors and nurse must always give the concentration or empathy on the patient and customers needs, because it can affect building trustfulness within customers/patients and organization. Clinical supervision sits at the heart of the UK Governments agenda for improving the quality of service delivery (Department of Health, 1997, 1998, 1999). The practice in the workplace was introduced as a way of victimization reflective practice and shared experiences as a part of continuing professional development.

ROWE Program at Best Buy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ROWE Program at Best Buy - Essay ExamplePlachy & Plachy (1998) also confirms that ROWE assists managers to design feasible ways of improving their output. Best Buy, for instance, is an world-wide company that applies the ROWE program. This paper, in effect, explores ROWE program at Best Bay using various subheadings. Culture of Best Buy Best Buy Co., Inc. is an international electronic retailer that majorly sells in the United States, Mexico, United Kingdom, Turkey, China, and Canada. As an important aspect of the culture in Best Buy, the organization holds close societal media as a form of empowering its employees. In other words, the company reaps massive productive gain through proper application of social media. Gibson & Billings (2003) points out three important social media tools applied in Best Buy. The Loop market placeplace, as one tool, involves replacing traditional suggestion box, where employees submit and share ideas, with specific market meeting points. alternative ly of collecting opinions of customers using suggestion boxes, the company identifies specific marketplaces where customers could converge and air out their views. As a second tool, Best Buy applies the Prediction Market tool to predict future market behaviors. Through prediction strategy, the organization designs suitable ways of controlling both supply and price of its products. The third social media tool the company has productively implemented is the Blue Shirt Nation. The latter tool involves diverting focus from improvement of pension schemes to modification of IT systems. Application of forward-looking technological advancements has created a work environment where both employees and employers could freely interact. Approach to Organizational Change that ROWE Program Illustrates Gibson & Billings (2003) asserts that Best Buy has transformed its workplace by demolishing old systems where physical presence of a worker is equated to productivity of the worker. That is, from th e name of the program, results-only work environment, Best Buy has focused on productivity of an employee, as an organizational change. Delmont (2005) also supports that the program in Best Buy objects at judging performance of a workforce on its output instead of while spent in a meeting or in an office. Practically, ROWE program allows employees in the company to enter and exit their workplaces at any time of the day. there is no penalty or fine to an employee arriving after the official opening hours or leaving before the official business hours. Delmont (2005) summarizes that the program perceives work as something to do but not somewhere to go. The company is, therefore, interested in knowing whether work is satisfactorily completed. Through ROWE program, two major positive outcomes bring on been felt in the company. Overall employee satisfactory has shoot up following improvement in every department. Also report by Gallup, an organization that audits collective cultures, i ndicates that the companys productivity has climbed up by 35% (Delmont, 2005). Resistance ROWE program at Best Buy Faces Even though ROWE program has epoch-making effects in improvement of overall productivity of an organization and employees satisfaction, it, however, faces certain challenges. Resistance often comes from staffs members who appear to be

Earnnings management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Earnnings heed - Essay Exampleearnings management plays a all-important(a) role in determining the sh be prices of a listed company and also impact the direct allocation of resources buy the company in the capital markets. This musical composition is written with the aim of researching on the earnings management and subject areaing techniques, focusing on the big bath technique of earnings management.The main objective of the report is to understand the process of earnings management, especially the big bath technique of earnings management which is commonly expenditured by companies and their managers to manipulate the reporting of the earning of the company. earnings management is an important aspect of the financial management of any company. Earnings being crucial elements of the financial statements of a business, the evaluation and management of different types of earning are done by the management of any firm to ensure that the stock prices of the business remains high in the capital markets. There are numerous techniques that are traditionally a contemporarily applied for the management, manipulation and accounting of earnings in the financial statement publication of an enterprise.The study of the topic of earnings management and the much debated technique of earnings management and manipulation which is the big bath technique is critical in the contemporary corporate world. The management of earnings sight have key influences on the political and regulatory structures of a country, the economic systems and prospects in the country and can also alter the functioning of industries as surface as the investor groups of the business. Additionally, it may lead to crisis situations like financial downturns, extended low periods in the economic and business cycles and can also threaten the interests of the stakeholder groups of a business1. The use of manipulative techniques in earnings management can play a key role in misleading the investors and an alysts in relation to the determination of the enthronisation profile and investment

The Poetry Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Poetry Project - Essay poserThe inner world of the lover will always be standardised the ocean in storm till such time the love is fructified. The imprint of her memory is so strong, the poet comp ars it to the fossil, which are the evidence of life since time ancient that are preserved in sedimentary rocks. That imprint is impossible to erase because its vibrations are permanent and strong. Calligraphy is artistically and beautifully written words or features. He refers to her beauty as rimmed calligraphy. The beautiful frame adds to the beauty of the writing. Wise people say silence is the sweetest sound on Earth. The poet refers to her invisibility as a mouthing out of silence. The poet creates a beautiful scenario, an appealing ambience when he writes, as if some important pronouncement emerges out of her silence. The lover does not down the benefit of her immediate presence in the bedroom. She is somewhere, out of his reach and the poet describes where you lie alone. He presumes that she is suffering in silence just like him and both whiz a lonely existence in their respective destined positions. Thus a picture is created, in which both the lovers are not in a happy position and time has broken the bond in which they used to remain together. Circle and label 5 of the formal poetic devices Alliteration happens when the rise resonances of a word, beginning either with a consonant or a vowel, are repeated in close succession. Example Beyond the bedroom. The words are close to one another and they highlight the beauty of language in a particular context. Alliteration is more or less is like the rhyme. scope is a picture or a carving, something tangible and depictive and literal images that appeal to our sense of representative perception. Example Like fossil shells embedded in a stone. Such comparisons appeal to the emotions of the reader. Metaphor relates one object or idea with another. This is an important element for the success of a metaphor an d adds to the grandeur of the poem. Example Rimmed calligraphy. A good metaphor immediately adds dazzling effect to the poem. They are brilliant tools to communicate with the reader to win the approval and bring forward a confident picture before his minds curtain. Rhyme occurs when two words sound alike. It helps to link one concept to another. They may as well as thematically similar. Rhyme may occur in the same line or at the end of some other line. Example Cold gales nose dive whales. It is easy to identify the rhyme scheme in a poem and this poetic device is very popular in children poems. Symbol is an object or action that means more than its literal meaning. Example Go wreck yourself once more against the day. The action indicates the state of mind and frustration of the lover The interchange of how these formal devices function Poetic devices electrify the reading experience and add to the beauty of the poem. The canvass of the poem is limited and within the shortest pos sible time, the poet has to grab the precaution of the reader through the flow of the poem. When the poet repeats the words he does so with a purpose, which is to enhance the development of the image created by the words and augments the fluency of the poem. They enable the poet to record a theme or mood noticeably and function as punch line and tender answer to the issue raised by the poet. They to a fault assist the poet in the emotional buildup,

The Banishment of Civilian Ownership of Assault Rifles Essay

The Banishment of Civilian Ownership of Assault Rifles - Essay ExampleTo address this broader menace, American formation has to chalk out a comprehensive syllabus / an effective strategy. There multi tasking approach path is needed to pass offle firearms related bulges inclusive of a) current laws of guns shall be implemented in its true spirit b) legal lacunas in the existing laws should be removed c) issuance of gun license should be linked with the mental health, age and track record of the applicant d) discourage such(prenominal) programs that ignites youngsters for mis intention of guns e) back ground checks and gun tracking system should be improved / strengthened f) exemplary punishment should be given to gun laws violators g) cognizance program should be launched to make the citizens realize the harm and disadvantages of possessing and mis utilise of guns and h) gun laws should effectively deal with the violators. Remedial Measures It would be in the best interest of th ings if the American Administration should recall the stringent version of federal laws, expired in the year 2004, to deal with misuse of appall weapons. This would be of great help in arresting the misuse of firearms. The arms at the use of armed forces should not be allowed to use by the general public (Duggan, 2000). If we take into account the public opinions and the statements of the governmental figures of repute in the United States of America, it seems that a consensus of all walks of life is built for a new law of assault weapons ban. This could be a right approach in the right direction. The law makers keeping in mind the danger of mis apply firearms by the irresponsible gun holders should make an effective gun control law. If this issue is not seriously addressed by the Administration of the USA, there will be more such incidents in the days ahead (Thompson, 1989). Many Americans atomic number 18 in favor of Second Amendment that allows keeping arms by every citizen f or his or her defense. However, the same numbers of American society are against of using deadly weapons by American Forces. Further, the license issuing authority while issuing gun licenses should also take into account amongst other things, the purpose of using firearms by the applicant. There is no logic of issuing lethal weapons to a sportsman who uses it for hunting birds and animals (Thompson, 1989). Major Hindrance The key hindrance in introducing the new assault weapons ban law is the infamous National Rifle Association which has unprecedented power on capital hill. The reason being many members of NRA are hand picked members of Congress who had funded their election campaign and provided them desired political support to win the election (Thompson, 1989). Due to influence of NRA, the desired law deals effectively with the freedom of using insecure arms by naive users could not be renewed from the date of its expiration. Hence, the protestors, the other day, in the corridor of power, shouted against the shameful role of NRA (Duggan, 2000). Therefore, the NRA by using its influence intends to defer the matter for some time. They do not even participate in the witness protection program. Restrictions The Supreme Court of America systematically impresses that holding a gun is a fundamental right of a citizen, but it also advocates imposition of reasonable restrictions. Keeping in view the spreading tentacles of cited epidemic in the American Society, the think tank of America felt it necessary to ban at least those weapons which are now in use

Moods of Poetry Essay Example for Free

Moods of Poetry EssayPoetry is a way of expression a verbaliser units feelings and emotions into a literary work. wholly poems have ludicrous tones and moods which show what the speaker feels when writing the poem, and what the contributor feels when reading it. For example, The Rhodora by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Sonnet XVII Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day? by William Shakespeare, and Song of Myself by Walt Whitman, all have the similar mood of happiness and vitality.In The Rhodora by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the speaker finds a flower that is unique in beauty compared to the rest of nature. This poem is written loosely in iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of aabbcdcdeeffghgh. In line twelve the speaker states Then beauty is its own excuse for Being meaning that the purpose of the flower is to show beauty, and nothing more. The Rhodora provides the reader with a mood that is happy and shake and gives the reader a more respectful view of nature.Sonnet XVII Shall I Compar e Thee to a Summers Day? by William Shakespeare, is a sonnet which consists of 14 lines and is in one stanza. In line two the speaker writes Thou art more lovely and more temperate. The speaker is saying that she is more beautiful and gentle than anything he has ever seen. The speaker states that he loves her more than a summers day. The mood of this poem is uplifting and loving, making the reader happier.

Reservation System Essay Example for Free

Reservation System EssayI. IntroductionA hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small confuse and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. The cost and quality of hotels are usually declaratory of the range and type of services available. As one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy of our time, the hotel industry alone is a multi-billion pesos and growing enterprise. It is exciting, never boring and allege unlimited opportunities. The hotel industry is diverse enough for people to work in different areas of interest and still be employed within the hotel industry. notwithstanding the dark things, small hotels still using a manual(a) qualification system and they dont have a system that tail assembly minimize their jobs ma nage a automated database system. Even the government staff habitations like NEDA staff house have the budget solely still using a manual system like log books.The main targets of this matter are for the employees of NEDA STAFF HOUSE. This study aim to benefit the subject of our study, it leave minimize their work and can have a earnest for their respective files. This study pass on also serving the counselors to enhance their knowledge in programming such as Microsoft stain application as wholesome as teamwork passim the study. Interaction and individual stimulation have always been linked to the technological availability of the time and place. With the passing to an information-based society, computers and transactions have evolved from manual transaction. One of the solutions or alternatives to the problems that a hotel is facing, a system was being developed which can edit, delete, filter, monitor and store and secured the records of the customers.The propose system go forth help the staff house to decrease the work of the building administrator because they will be using a less effort like this automated system for their reservation.II. Background of the studyThe NEDA staff house started in 1970 so there employees from far provinces around the Philippines have a stopover in manila in case they have an appointment. Instead of accommodating in an expensive hotel, the staff house can give the same services but has a very low rate of overnight stay. For only P80 per night the staff house has a comfortable rooms and facilities that the NEDA employees can use throughout their stay. By calling the Building Administrator 5 days before they will check in and verify the reservation 2 days before check in, they can have a peaceful overnight stay at the staff house. NEDA staff house accommodating over 13 regions of NEDA giving medication offices all over the Philippines.Before, the staff house has 20 staff from the main office of NEDA. They were resid ing at the staff house to have a temporary office. But nowadays new offices of NEDA established all over the metro manila like their main office at the Pasay city so the NEDA staff house needed only 4 employees (Building administrator, 2 Security Guards, 1 Janitor). As of now the NEDA staff house is still running and accepting accommodations from there different offices aroung the Philippines.III. Statement of the problemGeneral problem. The main problem of this study is the inaccurate reservation of the customers/NEDA Employees.Specific Problems The particularised problems are the following1. Low in security for file storage2. Time monitoring are consuming3. Less data integrity4. encumbrance in hard-hitting and retrieving files5. Possible loss of records and retrieving files6. Difficulty in finding the availability of rooms IV.Objective of the studyGeneral Objective. The study aims to solve the problem encountered and to change the manual reservation system. Using the proponent s reservation system, it will lessen the work of the Building Administrator work. It will be organize to have an automated reservation system.Specific Objective. The specific objectives are as follows1. To increase the security between the management and staff.2. To lessen time consume.3. To highly integrate data.4. To spend less time in searching and retrieving of files.5. To create a back up of files in every successful transaction. 6. To become make easier to find the availability rooms.V. Significance of the studyThis study will show how important is the automated reservation system than a manual system. It will benefit the followingManagementIt will help the management a lot by organizing the files properly in a small storage like a computer than a storage that is not so well secure like a storage room. They will have a report data that is easy to manage.Building AdministratorThe Building Administrator will benefit a lot in this project because she can manage the files by not u sing too much effort using a manual system. The administrator can also create a backup if something turns out scathe on the system. She can also easily update the wrong information of the customers/government employee reservation info.Security GuardsThe Security guards will benefit to the project because they will not need the help of the Building Administrator in case that shes not around. They can easily access the automated reservation system because they have the authority to use the system by entryway their username passwords.Other Lodging businessesThis study can also help other small lodging businesses such as motels, apartelle lodging, etc to their study about automated reservation system and made them realize how important the automated reservation system in their businesses. By this research, they will know the significance of this study to their business.Future researchersIt will also benefit the future researcher or students in NCBA which is taking the course of BSIS. This project gives an idea on their research about reservation system.VI. field and LimitationsThis study is conducted to know the reason behind the proponents on how will their purposed systems will help the staff house management.The Proposed System is a Reservation System that is congruous in the NEDA staff house. Because they accommodating their employees from around the Philippines, they do not have a database system that records the reservation of the employees only a log book record.This study mainly focused on providing application using computerized system that enables businesses to track services and aims to provide accurate and reliable process on every transaction especially in reservation. This study is looked into a better impact of using technologytoday on how it affects our daily lives especially for being the customer. With this studies it can help our beneficiaries to know the differences of using manual system to a computerized generation today, prioritize is to prove and to give them the right information.The limitation of the system has no inventory of souvenir used of the customer/government employees that have a reservation in the staff house. The customer cannot process a reservation online because only the Building administrator and the security guard duty on that time can access the system so they can manage some confidential files.

Ogre to Slay, Outsource It to Chinese Essay Example for Free

Ogre to Slay, Outsource It to Chinese EssayDavid Barbosas brilliantly engages his audience with a catchy title that urges the reader to complete the piece to record what it is that he is discussing. Ogre to Slay? Outsource It to Chinese is eye-catching and its content and is really thought-provoking and well researched. His preparation for the article includes him feeling sources in China, who be engaged in illegal outsourcing of computer game players and contributing to what the Chinese government are attempting to halt, what they call internet addiction. Not only does Barbosas find these valuable sources for information and quote them, he also cites workers in these romp factories. The effort of his research and concise conclusions to an interesting technological issue makes this piece very well put together and easily readable and understandable to a diverse audience.Barbosas says that this is an issue that spans from Seoul to San Francisco and he is very eloquent in his similitude surrounded by the affluent gamers, who are willing to pay Chinese workers to complete initial rounds of computer games and the gamers, themselves, who work 12 hour days, 7 days a week for a mere $250 a month. He does well, also, in showing the change of contrast from what has in history been a clear line between fantasy and reality to illustrate how these lines have blurred.He makes the point of outlining the beginning of the changes in the virtual(prenominal) world of gaming, when gamers began playing others world ample a few age ago and then when they began becoming so enmeshed with their avatars (or characters that they create), that they pay others to essentially baby-sit them, as the Chinese do or use virtual cash to buy components, such as weapons to help their avatars. Barbosas does well in explaining the complex and intricate world of virtual gaming to even readers, who have no familiarity of the subject.He simultaneously delves into explaining this strange ne w world while vividly describing the Chinese workers behind the scenes or, more accurately, behind the screens. He paints an interesting picture of what he refers to as, virtual sweatshops. There gamers are playing in dark basements, surrounding by posters of the games they play. These Chinese farmers make up an estimated 40-50% of the gamers involved worldwide in these popular games and it is believed that 1 in 4 internet users in China use their online connection for gaming.In addition to the other staggering statistics Barbosas integrates into his commentary, he integrates what those involved in gaming have to say and what experts share on this issue. One conclusion by an American professor is that this illustrates how the time of Americans is valued more over the time of persons in countries, such as China. In contrast, one owner of a sweatshop believes that if these gamers were not working for him that they would be going back to hard farm work with littler wages or on the stre ets.In conclusion, Barbosas shows his journalistic talent in this piece. His research, illustrated by interview citations and statistics, demonstrate his expertise in this strange, technological world. He presents galore(postnominal) trends in the world of gaming, in reality versus fantasy, and in the currency involved in these questionable online enterprises. His work is easily readable by a wide audience and his lead-in to the article with its catchy title definitely lives up to the interest that title holds.

American Court System: Design and Functions

American Court System Design and FunctionsIn the United reads, in keeping with our bicameral system of g everyplacenment, we have a treble tourist court system consisting of State and Federal courts. While each system is self-contained it is possible, though infrequent, for questions of State law to finish at the United States domineering Court.The systems and functions of the distinguish and federal courts roughly mirror each other. The pass on courts system serves both trial and appellate functions and in turn, the federal court system serves these purposes at the federal level.The Federal Courts may be divided into expression terce courts, and non-Article III courts. Article III courts were established by/under Article III of the United States Constitution. The Court of International Trade, zone Courts (94 in 50 states, the order of Columbia and Puerto Rico), Courts of Appeals (12 geographic-based and another for the Federal Circuit), and the U.S. commanding Court are a ll Article III courts. Non-Article III courts include Bankruptcy Courts, Tax Court, decisions by U.S. Magistrate Judges and Administrative Law judges (ALS) in various federal agencies.United States District Courts are trial courts of original jurisdiction for federal cases with mandatory appellant jurisdiction over rulings by non-Article III courts. They adjudicate all federal crimes as well as some civil law cases. All federal felony cases are the responsibility of U.S. Magistrate judges.State Courts vary considerably from state to state. In a broad sense, they all follow the pattern, in ascending order, of state minor trial courts, state major trial courts, state intermediate appellate courts, state high courts of last resort (also known as state supreme courts), and the United States Supreme Court.State minor trial courts include municipal courts, rightness of the Peace courts and Magisterial District Courts. These courts serve as original jurisdiction courts for misdemeanor cas es, both civil and fell traffic violations and small civil claims.State major trial courts, which may also be known as Superior Courts, Courts of common pleas and District courts, are trial courts of general jurisdiction. They are much arranged by county or groups of counties, to assay felonies and some civil cases. They sometimes have jurisdiction over minor trial courts.State Intermediate appellant Courts are used in forty out of fifty states. They have mandatory jurisdiction over rulings by the states major trial courts. It is rare for criminal appellants to encourage on appeal here.State high courts of last resort have both mandatory and discretionary jurisdiction over decisions by bring low state courts. This court is a major policy maker for the state due to its position as the final decider on matters of state law.The United States Supreme Court (the High Court of Last Resort in the United States) is arguably the most powerful court in the world. It has absolute control over the cases it hears via its discretionary appellate jurisdiction over decisions made by the U.S. Courts of Appeals. It has jurisdiction over the highest state courts when a question of federal law, to include federal thorough law, is at issue. Typically, less than a third of the cases heard by the countrys highest court are criminal cases.There are eight courts in the state of aluminium and three Federal districts. aluminium Court of the Judiciary oversees judicial officers and is assembled to hear complaints of the Judicial Inquiry Commission. Alabama Probate Courts deal with matters of probate and the governance of estates. Municipal courts in Alabama handle violations of city ordinances. District courts may be either criminal or civil. District civil courts handle small claims suits. District criminal courts handle state law violations, felonies, and misdemeanors. They can also accept a guilty plea in felony cases. Alabama Circuit Courts are state trial courts of general j urisdiction and have jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases. The Alabama Court of Criminal appeals presides over appeals in criminal cases. accomplished appeals are the domain of the Alabama Court of Civil appeals. At the top of the hierarchy is the Alabama Supreme Court, the states court of last resort. District courts in Alabama are in the 11th Circuit. They trial courts of original jurisdiction over federal cases.A criminal case that goes to trial may end up using trial, appellant and supreme courts. This basic structure and sequence is the comparable in both state and federal courts. Trial courts of general jurisdiction hear felonies and non-small claims civil cases. They may also have appellate jurisdiction over a states minor trial courts. A case may end at this level if the defendant is convicted and does not appeal, or if he is found innocent. appellant courts have jurisdiction over decisions made by the major trial courts. Appellate courts do not rule on guilt or i nnocence but rather on whether the trial was conducted properly. It is rare for a defendant to win at the appellate level. If the decision of the appellate court is challenged the case will proceed to the State Supreme court, also known as the State court of last resort. Typically, the State Supreme Court hears only a few criminal cases annually. In order to move ahead to the United States Supreme Court, a case must include a question of federal law or federal constitutional law.All states do not have the same court design. Part of the purpose of a dual court system is to allow states the freedom to govern themselves and to be separate and independent of the federal government. This cosmos the case, each state has developed its own court system and terminologies that serve the people of that state. While the overall structures of the court of one state may be similar to another/others, the fact that each state has its own unique laws guarantees variations in their court systems.

Madonna and Child Paintings Throughout History

bloody shame and tyke Paintings Throughout HistoryThrough history, people had used guile as a reflection of their religious beliefs and culture values. The illustration of bloody shame and Child had been one of the most recurring fine arts in Christianity and European art in general. According to Christian beliefs, Madonna represents the virgin marry and the child represents baby Jesus. Thought these religious flicks and sculptures of The Madonna and Child may be along the same lines in their depiction of Christian iconography and artistic zeal, each carries a different taste and reflects the different time periods and the different artists that had created them. Three examples of these paintings are Madonna and Child, created by Berlinghiero from the Italian Maniera Greca period, Madonna and Child created by Duccio during the Italian Proto-Renaissance, and Madonna and Child with Angels created Cosimo Rosselli during the Early Italian Renaissance periods. When a viewer observe t hese triple Italian paintings, the viewer would recognize a development that takes place through the three time periods which is from the early thirteenth century to tardilyr fifteenth century. Differences in these three paintings include the illustrations of the figures, drapery style, treatment of stead, and inclusion or the exclusion of the viewer. Nonetheless, the paintings represent similar religious and cultural values since they all depict the Christian iconography of the Virgin Marry with baby Jesus. Madonna and Child is a very common Christian iconography that was witnessn through history since the tangled Empire.The painting Madonna and Child was painted around 1230 during the Italian Maniera Greca period by Berlinghiero, the outstanding painter of the thirteenth-century Lucca (Museum Label). This painting is tempera on wood with the two figures on front of a golden background. Madonna is wearing a huge dark blue cloak with well-fixed decorations which covers most o f her body and a reddish dress underneath the cloak that can only be seen in her arms. To depict her modesty the only things that can be seen from her body are her face, neck, and hands. Her face shows a cast down skin senses with the lines around her eyes and her small mouth that depicts a frown. Her hand has an unrealistic look which are elongated and skinny. According to the Museum label, Berlinghiero was always open to involved influence, and this Madonna is of the Byzantine type known as the Hodegefria, in which the Madonna points to the child as the way to salvation. The Hodegefria illustrate the Christian values and the value of the Byzantine art. The Child is wearing an orange Clock that covers most of his body. He is seated on top of one of his mothers hands with his body tilted towards his mother and his lintel facing the viewer. One of his hand points towards the right and in the other hand he is prop a scroll that represent the religious scriptures, which carries a Christian iconography in which the scriptures represents the bible. Thought his is suppose to be a child his face is an adult like face, which excessively can be a religious iconography that show Jesus as a mature child who leads people to salvation.Berlinghieros Madonna and Child is in organic fertilizer and unrealistic when it comes to the drapery of the textileing and the treatment of space. The figures are also set in an awkward way with inorganic style of the body. There are many folds in the figures clothes which extreme for a realist dress. The treatment of space is missing in this painting, where the figures seem to be flat and the light source is not clear in depicting the space and atmosphere. This painting is similar in its drapery and treatment of space to the painting Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels which is from the same time period. Thought the painting is unrealistic, it is still considered as a very commodious artistic work that depicts cultural and relig ious values of that time.Duccios Madonna and Child was created during the Italian Proto-Renaissance around 1300. Like the Berlinghieros painting, Duccios painting is tempera on wood with golden background. Moreover, Madonna is wearing a blue cloak with golden lines on the edges which covers most of her body. Madonna is looking at the Child who is trying to play with her checks and retentivity him with both of her hands. She seems to have a sad look with her tilted head towards her child. The Child or Jesus is also wearing an orange dress with a red cloak over his shoulders. Compare to the child from Berlinghieros painting, Duccios child is looks more like a normal child. We can see that the depiction of the child has real to a more realistic and organic one. In this painting not only does the child looks realistic in his facial characteristics but with his childish endeavour while playing with his mother checks. The drapery style is more organic than that of Berlinghiero but is n ot totally realistic. It has a very heavy and earthy palpateing with its huge curves and wrinkles. This painting also lacks the emphases of space, since the figures looks like flat on the golden background. This painting can be compared with Giottos paining Madonna Enthroned with Angels and Saints, which is from the same time period, where we can see similar drapery style and facial characteristics of the child. Furthermore, this painting also shows the counting religious values of Italian art. This painting, like all the Madonna and Child paintings, has the Christian values.The third painting is the Early Italian Renaissance painting Madonna and Child with Angels by Cosimo Rosselli which dates about 1480 to 1482. Thought this painting is made of tempera and gold on wood, it is much more complex than both of the other paintings. In this painting Madonna is dressed in a light red cloth and a light blue cloak floating over her head and shoulders while the child is shown nude, which i s different than that of Berlingiero and Duccios paintings. The posture of the figures is also different Madonna is holding the child with both of her hands to make him stand on top of a table. Although, the childs body is a little disproportional, the bodies of both figures are more organic and natural. The bodies do not have a longitude hands and awkward faces like the other two paintings, which show the development in artistic design of the figures. Moreover, Rossellis painting has a more developed drapery style and space treatment. The drapery is more organic with ordinary looking wrinkles. The treatment of space is also a lot more developed than the other two paintings. Since the other two paintings had the figures as if they are flat, this painting is more organic because the viewer can feel like the figures are close while the background is seems far. This painting also has a vanishing point that gives the painting the feeling of space.As seen in the three paintings of the Ma donna and Child, we can see that art develops through the years. Even thought the paintings of Madonna and Child carries the same religious cultural values, one can see how the style of the painting changes over periods of time in its drapery style, space treatment, figures characteristics, and even the postures of the figures. As a result, we saw that the depiction of the Madonna and Child in the late fifteenth century is more complex and organic than that of the early thirteenth century.

Mechanically agitated fermenters

roboticly agitate fermentersAbstractTraditional mechanistic excitation fermenters fuck off dominated the industry since the antibiotic era as invites changed new fermenter designs were created. As a result air lift provoke fermenters were created and have galore(postnominal) merits in comparison to mechanical agitation fermenters. In this essay we will go through both systems merits in regards to mixing, aeration, unimaginativeity and energy costs first appearanceAgitators atomic number 18 mechanical instruments utilizationd to mix substances, Fermentation is an age old art in which organic substances argon broken down and reassembled into other substances. Fermenters are large bioreactors in which fermentation occurs, fermenters are the instruments employed to manufacture economically viable biological products. Their basic function is to provide a controlled environment in order to achieve optimal harvest-feast and product formation of the particular biological produc t required. For biotech and pharmaceutical purposes the products from fermentation are microbic cells or biomass, enzymes, and microbial metabolites such as antibiotics and ethanol. The basic desired functional properties of all Fermenters are that they groundwork create gas fluent interfaces without making foam a bother. They should sufficiently hold up dispersed phases and al dispirited reasonable hotness transfer of training. They should also be able to control bulk f low gear so no numb(p) zones can form. In league with these functional requirements they should be cheap, robust and have a simple mechanical design additionally they should have low military group consumption and be easy to scale up. In this essay we will compare two different types of Fermenters, airlift Fermenters and mechanically agitated Fermenters.Both types of mixers indoors Fermenters results in the intermingling of two or more dissimilar portions of material resulting in the acquirement of either phy sical or chemical uniformity in the last(a) product. In industrial fermentation reactions there is a basic requirement of substrate, organism, water and oxygen. Mixing within Fermenters usually defecates equilibrium between, rate, purity and return yield. automatonlike agitators are used in traditional Fermenters for mixing they maintain optimum substrate biomass concentration everywhere, keeps solid suspended, disperse oxygen, and allow an upkeep of total smatter surface area and the recycling of air bubbles (figure 1).Mechanically agitated FermentersMechanically agitated Fermenters require a relatively high input of energy per building block volume. In these systems a large variety of impeller shapes and sizes are available to produce different flow patterns inwardly the Fermenter. The use of multiple impellers produces better mixing that kit and boodle in addition with baffles that are normally used to reduce vortexing. Approximately 70-80% of the volume of stirred react ors is filled with liquid. Foaming may be a problem with this type of Fermenter. Foam breakers, may be necessary. It is better to use mechanical anti foamers over chemical anti foamers because the chemicals often reduce oxygen transfer rate. One of the limits of this system is the use of high speed impellers can damage and even destroy cells. Aspect ratios of these Fermenters vary over a wide range. For aeration to be increased a higher facial gesture ratio is needed (H/D rates). Increased aeration results in greater contact times between liquid and climb bubbles and produces hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the Fermenter.Bubble column /Air Lift FermentersIn these systems aeration and mixing are achieved by gas sparging. Gas is sparged wholly into the riser. Decreased liquid fluid density and gas accumulation cause the liquid in the riser to mover upwards. Gas disengages at the top of the vas leaving heavier bubble-free liquid to recirculate through the downcomer. This proc ess needs less(prenominal) energy than mechanical stirring. This mixing, method is used in the production of beer and bakers yeast. The advantages of this method over mechanical agitation are, lack of moving separate, low capital costs satisfactory mass and waken transfer. Air lifted Fermenters produce heterogeneous and homogenous culture medium flows. In heterogeneous flow, Bubbles and liquids tend to rise up in the center of the column while a corresponding down flow of liquid occurs pricey the walls. In Homogenous flow, bubbles rise with the same upward velocity with no back-mixing of the gas phase. Foaming may also be a problem with these Fermenters. on that point are two kinds of air lift Fermenters internal loop and external loop Fermenters. Mixing is better in external loop Fermenters because the riser and downcomers are further apart in external loop vessels which cause the density difference between fluids in the downcomer and riser to be greater meaning circulation of the liquid vessel is faster overdue to fewer bubbles being carried to the downcomer. Airlift Fermenter are normally used for the culture of immobilized catalyst and the culture of plant and animal cells because of their low sheer level.MixingStirred Fermenters and air lifted Fermenters both offer adequate mixing and mass transfer. However when a large Fermenter is required (50-500M3) for a low viscosity medium air lift vessels may be a better choice due to their advantages. These being they are cheap to pitch and operate. When scale up is required large mechanical agitators are impractical as the function required to achieve adequate mixing becomes very high. Mechanical agitators are used for high viscosity cultures. Mass transfer rates decline at viscosities greater than 50-100 cP. Mechanical agitation creates much more heat than sparging of compressed gas. This can become a problem when the reaction temperature is high for example when trying to produce single celled proteins f rom methanol, removal of frictional stirrer heat can be problematic this is where air-lift agitation is preferred.ComparisonIn brief the conventional, stirred tank bioreactor has dominated the industry since its successful coating in the antibiotic era and most fermentation processes today use Fermenters of this type because of this. However due to change in the industry in regards to products in demand. Such as the growth of hydrodomas cell and recombinant DNA technologies of genetically modified cells of plant, microbial and mammalian origin imposed new demands that traditional agitators could not provide at an economically viable level. For this reason new novel Fermenters where designed and put into use. The air lift Fermenter being one of them. The air lift Fermenter has no movable parts or motors the only power requirement comes from the air compressors that provide air through the sparging system. No mechanical agitation occurs, the air bubbles forced through the sparger cau se induced turbulent liquid mixing and mass transfer in which mixing rates and aeration rates are coupled together. Their main advantage is low sheer and energy requirement along with aseptic seals not being required around the shaft which makes them highly suitable for producing single celled protein. Additionally in air lift Fermenters mixing is improved by the inclusion of a draught tube to impart a circulation loop which produces a higher oxygen mass coefficient (KLA). The Air lift Fermenters are ideal when there is need for gentle agitation. Whereas the conventional mechanical agitated Fermenters have a broader range of application but they have a poorly defined mixing pattern in comparison to airlift Fermenters. Additionally they cannot be aerated at a high enough rate due to impeller flooding. Practicality wise they have a long life, the mechanical agitation configuration has become too established in processes for new methodologies to replace them. It would be too expensive to do.AerationTo provide aeration into a vessel means to supply or expose the medium to the circulation of air. Airlifted Fermenters provide a much greater aeration than mechanical agitators as gas is constantly pumped into the medium and consequently causes fluid circulation. Aeration within a mechanically agitated Fermenter is controlled by the type of impeller and baffle system. For example Turbines, propellers and paddles are generally used in low viscosity systems and operate at high rotational speed inside the Fermenter. Turbines are normally used for dispersion of gases in liquids. There are many types angled-blade turbines and retreating-blade turbines, the rushton/inclined six blade impeller. Similarly for large vessels with high aspect ratios it is common practice to mount more than one impeller of the same shaft. Baffles are of particular importance as they prevent gross vortexing which is detrimental to mixing/ aeration they are normally fitted on the walls of a vessel.P racticalityDepending on the product being produced in the Fermenter and the viscosity of the medium practicality of mechanical and airlift agitators differ. Mechanical agitators are very practical when it comes to mixing highly viscous non newtonian mediums however the power for this can be very high and subsequently this increases the costs. Additionally the practicality of the Fermenter being used in regards to merits is determined by the type of product being produced, the microbiology of particular cell systems in use coupled with the morphology and nutritional requirements needed for optimal growth. The geometric configuration of the Fermenter play an important role. Effective mixing to minimise temperature, PH concentration gradient are very important particularly with mechanically agitated Fermenters especially when a process is scaled up. Additionally the viscosity of the medium plays an important role, does the medium behave in a Newton or non Newton manner is it a solid or liquid state fermentation. The sheering effect of a particular agitation system dictates whether sheer sensitive cells can be cultivated.All of this is taken into account keeping in mind what is best for economic performance. For example large mechanical agitators have better Practical use than air lift agitators for use with the following cell systems, these are immobilised Bacteria, yeast and plant cells and are used for the for the production of products such as ethanol, monoclonal antibodies, growth factors and medicinal products. This is because they can tolerate sheer at a level best for productivity. Resulting in large quantities of moderate quality products with good profit costs. cooknatively air lift agitators are generally used for the cell systems of bacteria yeast and other fungi producing products such as single celled proteins E.G. Quorn, enzymes, secondary metabolites and biosurfactants. This is because they are more economically practical due to them having low sheer values meaning they do not damage the cells, they have much get rails costs and they can produce higher value sheer sensitive GM products. Furthermore when it comes to scale up with airlifted Fermenters it can be difficult to alter stirring rates making it difficult to deal with important rheological changes and foaming. This is where mechanically agitated Fermenters are favoured. Also air lifted Fermenters are less flexible than mechanically agitated systems as Aeration is responsible for homogenization.Energy use and CostMechanical agitators use more energy have moving parts, seals and are more expensive to run than airlift fermenters.The main benefit of air-lift Fermenters over mechanical agitators is that they can be constructed at much greater reactor volumes air-lift Fermenters can be built at volumes of several thousands cubic meters while mechanical operated agitators can be scaled up to a maximum of 800-1500 m3 (Ruitenberg et al 2001) As a consequence of this the i nvestment costs of air-lift Fermenters is significantly set about when compared to mechanically operated agitators of the same capacity. At higher volumes mechanical agitators cause mechanical problems because of the large power requirements of the impeller. Furthermore, scale-up of air-lift Fermenters is much more straight forward than that of mechanical agitated fermenters. Scale-up from a 5 m3 pilot to 1500 m3 and larger is well defined. (Ruitenberg et al 2001) Figure 3 shows the upper-case letter cost comparison of air-lift Fermenters vs. mechanical agitated fermenters. The cost for a mechanically agitated fermenter is defined as 1 for a 1500 m3 tank. The cost of a 1500 m3 air-lift fermenter is a bit lower than that of the equivalent mechanically agitated fermenter. However, the investment cost follows the 0.6 rule until 6000 m3 is reached. Above 6000 m3, more than one air lift fermenter may need to be used.Another advantage of air-lift fementers over mechanical agitated ferme nters is that the oxygen input efficiency is the same or better at considerably lower shear. Additionally Because no moving parts are present in air-lift Fermenters, the costs for maintenance will be lower as compared to mechanically agitated fermenters. The combination of high oxygen input efficiencies and low maintenance costs results in lower operational costs.Shear rates are much lower in air-lift Fermenters than in mechanically agitated fermenters. Low shear rates facilitate growth of biofilms, which can increase the reaction rate. This advantage is thought to be greatest when thermophilic bacteria are used. Because a three-phase settler can be integrated on top of an air-lift fermenter, the solids retention time can be separated from the hydraulic retention time causing biomass retention, (Ruitenberg et al 2001)ConclusionMechanically agitated Fermenters have been in use since the beginning of the industry however due to changes in demand that comes with time in regards to tec hnology and products needed novel Fermenter ideals were designed and put into fruition the air lift Fermenter is but one. In many ways this air lift agitators have many advantages as was just discussed.ReferencesBarker, T. W. and J. T. Worgan (1981). The Application of Air-Lift Fermenters to the Cultivation of Filamentous Fungi. European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 13(2) 77-83.Chisti, Y. and U. J. Jauregui-Haza (2002). atomic number 8 transfer and mixing in mechanically agitated airlift bioreactors. Biochemical Engineering Journal 10(2) 143-153.Fontana, R. C., T. A. Polidoro, et al. (2009). Comparison of stirred tank and airlift bioreactors in the production of polygalacturonases by Aspergillus oryzae. Bioresource Technology 100(19) 4493-4498.Margaritis, A. and J. B. Wallace (1984). Novel Bioreactor Systems and Their Applications. Bio-Technology 2(5) 447-453.Ruitenberg, R., C. E. Schultz, et al. (2001). Bio-oxidation of minerals in air-lift loop bioreactors. I nternational Journal of Mineral Processing 62(1-4) 271-278.Williams, J. A. (2002). Keys to bioreactor selections. Chemical Engineering Progress 98(3) 34-41.